Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of confounding variables in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They arise as a result of sensitization and habituation. 
B)  They can be eliminated by using factorial designs. 
C)  They alter the observed behavior in subsequent treatments. 
D)  They damage the internal validity of an experiment. 
A)  They arise as a result of sensitization and habituation. 
B)  They can be eliminated by using factorial designs. 
C)  They alter the observed behavior in subsequent treatments. 
D)  They damage the internal validity of an experiment.

Question 2

The simplest form of the within-subjects design is the _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-factor two-level 
B)  within-subjects factorial 
C)  Latin square 
D)  partially counterbalanced 
A)  single-factor two-level 
B)  within-subjects factorial 
C)  Latin square 
D)  partially counterbalanced

Question 3

Which of the following was not listed in the text as a source of carryover effects in within-subjects designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrast 
B)  Learning 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Demand characteristics 
A)  Contrast 
B)  Learning 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Demand characteristics

Question 4

An experimental design with more than two levels of a single independent variable is called a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  matched-groups 
B)  single-factor multigroup 
C)  factorial 
D)  higher-order 
A)  matched-groups 
B)  single-factor multigroup 
C)  factorial 
D)  higher-order

Question 5

What are the strengths and limitations of the randomized two-group design?

Accepted Answer

The randomized two-group design, also kn

Question 6

Which of the following is true of the within-subjects design?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is less powerful than an equivalent between-subjects design. 
B)  Fewer subjects are required than in an equivalent between-subjects design. 
C)  Error variance is less adequately handled in a within-subjects design than in an equivalent between-subjects design. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  It is less powerful than an equivalent between-subjects design. 
B)  Fewer subjects are required than in an equivalent between-subjects design. 
C)  Error variance is less adequately handled in a within-subjects design than in an equivalent between-subjects design. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

A serious problem with the within-subjects design is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is unable to deal with error variance. 
B)  independent variables are more difficult to manipulate in a within-subjects design than in a between-subjects design. 
C)  there is a loss of power when a within-subjects design is adopted. 
D)  there is a potential for carryover effects. 
A)  it is unable to deal with error variance. 
B)  independent variables are more difficult to manipulate in a within-subjects design than in a between-subjects design. 
C)  there is a loss of power when a within-subjects design is adopted. 
D)  there is a potential for carryover effects.

Question 8

Discuss the advantages that factorial designs offer over single-factor designs. Point out any drawbacks of the between-subjects factorial design.

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs offer several advantag

Question 9

A drawback to the completely within-subjects factorial design is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  too many subjects are required as the design gets larger and larger. 
B)  carryover effects cannot be dealt with. 
C)  as the number of factors increases, so does the number of treatments that the subjects must go through, making the design cumbersome and complex for subjects. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  too many subjects are required as the design gets larger and larger. 
B)  carryover effects cannot be dealt with. 
C)  as the number of factors increases, so does the number of treatments that the subjects must go through, making the design cumbersome and complex for subjects. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

The statistical variability among scores caused by the influence of variables other than your independent variable is called _____ variance.

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic 
B)  extraneous 
C)  error 
D)  random 
A)  systematic 
B)  extraneous 
C)  error 
D)  random

Question 11

A drawback of the randomized two-group design is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a limited amount of information about the effect of an independent variable. 
B)  leaves too many sources of variance unaccounted for. 
C)  is time-consuming to run. 
D)  produces data that are difficult to analyze. 
A)  provides a limited amount of information about the effect of an independent variable. 
B)  leaves too many sources of variance unaccounted for. 
C)  is time-consuming to run. 
D)  produces data that are difficult to analyze.

Question 12

According to the text, the confounding in the original "Pepsi Challenge" could have been avoided by:

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly assigning participants to conditions. 
B)  counterbalancing. 
C)  using blind experimenters. 
D)  designing effective dependent variables. 
A)  randomly assigning participants to conditions. 
B)  counterbalancing. 
C)  using blind experimenters. 
D)  designing effective dependent variables.

Question 13

If you vary the quantity of a drug administered to subjects by using 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg, you are using a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  parametric 
B)  nonparametric 
C)  multifactor 
D)  parametric and multifactor 
A)  parametric 
B)  nonparametric 
C)  multifactor 
D)  parametric and multifactor

Question 14

The matched-pairs design is sometimes used in place of the randomized design. Outline the advantages of the matched-pairs design over the randomized design, and discuss when and why you would avoid the matched-pairs design.

Accepted Answer

The matched-pairs design offers several

Question 15

A drawback of making treatment order an independent variable is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects must be tested under every treatment order, resulting in a complex and demanding experiment. 
B)  sometimes, treatment order cannot be made into an independent variable. 
C)  treatment order is a correlational variable. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  subjects must be tested under every treatment order, resulting in a complex and demanding experiment. 
B)  sometimes, treatment order cannot be made into an independent variable. 
C)  treatment order is a correlational variable. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

A factorial design with more than two independent variables is called a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple 
B)  multivariate 
C)  lower-order factorial 
D)  higher-order factorial 
A)  multiple 
B)  multivariate 
C)  lower-order factorial 
D)  higher-order factorial

Question 17

A factorial design always has more than one:

Accepted Answer

A)  level of a single independent variable. 
B)  dependent variable. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  dependent and independent variable. 
A)  level of a single independent variable. 
B)  dependent variable. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  dependent and independent variable.

Question 18

It is legitimate to infer the shape of a function relating an independent variable and a dependent variable by examining data from a two-group experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In a factorial design, the main effects are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of the most important independent variables on your dependent variable. 
B)  the separate effects of each independent variable on your dependent variable. 
C)  the changes in the effect of one independent variable over levels of a second. 
D)  never interpreted because they yield no interesting information. 
A)  the effects of the most important independent variables on your dependent variable. 
B)  the separate effects of each independent variable on your dependent variable. 
C)  the changes in the effect of one independent variable over levels of a second. 
D)  never interpreted because they yield no interesting information.

Question 20

In a 2* 2 1* 2 factorial design, there are:

Accepted Answer

A)  two main effects and two interactions. 
B)  three main effects and two interactions. 
C)  three main effects and three interactions. 
D)  three main effects and four interactions. 
A)  two main effects and two interactions. 
B)  three main effects and two interactions. 
C)  three main effects and three interactions. 
D)  three main effects and four interactions.

Which of the following statements is true of confounding variables in an experiment?

The simplest form of the within-subjects design is the _____ design.

Which of the following was not listed in the text as a source of carryover effects in within-subjects designs?

An experimental design with more than two levels of a single independent variable is called a _____ design.

What are the strengths and limitations of the randomized two-group design?

Which of the following is true of the within-subjects design?

A serious problem with the within-subjects design is that:

Discuss the advantages that factorial designs offer over single-factor designs. Point out any drawbacks of the between-subjects factorial design.

A drawback to the completely within-subjects factorial design is that:

The statistical variability among scores caused by the influence of variables other than your independent variable is called _____ variance.

A drawback of the randomized two-group design is that it:

According to the text, the confounding in the original "Pepsi Challenge" could have been avoided by:

If you vary the quantity of a drug administered to subjects by using 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg, you are using a _____ design.

The matched-pairs design is sometimes used in place of the randomized design. Outline the advantages of the matched-pairs design over the randomized design, and discuss when and why you would avoid the matched-pairs design.

A drawback of making treatment order an independent variable is that:

A factorial design with more than two independent variables is called a _____ design.

A factorial design always has more than one:

It is legitimate to infer the shape of a function relating an independent variable and a dependent variable by examining data from a two-group experiment.

In a factorial design, the main effects are:

In a 2* 2 1* 2 factorial design, there are:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

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Exam 10: Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Which of the following statements is true of confounding variables in an experiment?

The simplest form of the within-subjects design is the _____ design.

Which of the following was not listed in the text as a source of carryover effects in within-subjects designs?

An experimental design with more than two levels of a single independent variable is called a _____ design.

What are the strengths and limitations of the randomized two-group design?

Which of the following is true of the within-subjects design?

A serious problem with the within-subjects design is that:

Discuss the advantages that factorial designs offer over single-factor designs. Point out any drawbacks of the between-subjects factorial design.

A drawback to the completely within-subjects factorial design is that:

The statistical variability among scores caused by the influence of variables other than your independent variable is called _____ variance.

A drawback of the randomized two-group design is that it:

According to the text, the confounding in the original "Pepsi Challenge" could have been avoided by:

If you vary the quantity of a drug administered to subjects by using 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg, you are using a _____ design.

The matched-pairs design is sometimes used in place of the randomized design. Outline the advantages of the matched-pairs design over the randomized design, and discuss when and why you would avoid the matched-pairs design.

A drawback of making treatment order an independent variable is that:

A factorial design with more than two independent variables is called a _____ design.

A factorial design always has more than one:

It is legitimate to infer the shape of a function relating an independent variable and a dependent variable by examining data from a two-group experiment.

In a factorial design, the main effects are:

In a 2* 2 1* 2 factorial design, there are:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters