Question 1

A factorial experimental design incorporates a single independent variable in a single experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Matching is effective even if there is little or no correlation between a variable used to match subjects and your dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In a within-subjects experiment, subjects are required to perform a complex motor task for the dependent variable. You find that they perform better in the second treatment than in the first. You conclude that your independent variable had a significant effect on motor behavior. However, an alternative explanation is that _____ produced a carryover effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  sensitization 
C)  learning 
D)  fatigue 
A)  habituation 
B)  sensitization 
C)  learning 
D)  fatigue

Question 4

One way to reduce the impact of carryover caused by practice effects is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituate your subjects to your experimental situation prior to beginning it. 
B)  give subjects equivalent practice sessions to bring them all up to the same level of performance. 
C)  make treatment order an independent variable and counterbalance it. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  habituate your subjects to your experimental situation prior to beginning it. 
B)  give subjects equivalent practice sessions to bring them all up to the same level of performance. 
C)  make treatment order an independent variable and counterbalance it. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

The main advantage of making order of treatments an independent variable is that one can measure the size of any carryover effect that may be present.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Although you can use matching with a single-factor multigroup design, it may not be advisable because:

Accepted Answer

A)  matching on more than one variable is usually impossible. 
B)  subjects cannot complete enough measures to make matching worthwhile. 
C)  it becomes difficult to find three or more subjects that can be matched. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  matching on more than one variable is usually impossible. 
B)  subjects cannot complete enough measures to make matching worthwhile. 
C)  it becomes difficult to find three or more subjects that can be matched. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

List and discuss three sources of confounding in a between-subjects experiment. What steps could be taken to avoid confounding?

Accepted Answer

Three sources of confounding in a betwee

Question 8

A design including a placebo control group is used to detect:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive error variance. 
B)  the effect of a participant's belief that he or she has received a drug. 
C)  volunteer bias. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  excessive error variance. 
B)  the effect of a participant's belief that he or she has received a drug. 
C)  volunteer bias. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Counterbalancing can control carryover only if the carryover effects induced by different orders are of a lower magnitude.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Presence or absence is the simplest way to manipulate an independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is a way of dealing with the problem of error variance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing the effectiveness of the independent variable 
B)  Introducing confounding variables in an experiment 
C)  Avoiding the assignment of subjects to groups on a random basis 
D)  Choosing variables that specifically produce carryover effects 
A)  Increasing the effectiveness of the independent variable 
B)  Introducing confounding variables in an experiment 
C)  Avoiding the assignment of subjects to groups on a random basis 
D)  Choosing variables that specifically produce carryover effects

Question 12

Compare and contrast the between-subjects, within-subjects, and single-subject designs. What are the defining qualities of each?

Accepted Answer

Between-subjects, within-subjects, and s

Question 13

Complete counterbalanced designs deal with carryover effects by averaging them out across treatments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Carryover effects caused by adaptation and habituation can be reduced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  allowing a rest period between treatment conditions. 
B)  giving subjects practice sessions to bring them all up to the same level of performance. 
C)  allowing time for all subjects to adapt or habituate to the experimental conditions. 
D)  scheduling treatment conditions out over several days. 
A)  allowing a rest period between treatment conditions. 
B)  giving subjects practice sessions to bring them all up to the same level of performance. 
C)  allowing time for all subjects to adapt or habituate to the experimental conditions. 
D)  scheduling treatment conditions out over several days.

Question 15

Dr. Harris conducts a two-factor experiment where she plots her results on a graph and notices that the lines on the graph are not parallel (which is confirmed when she runs a statistical analysis). This pattern suggests the presence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  only one main effect. 
B)  two main effects. 
C)  an interaction between two independent variables. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  only one main effect. 
B)  two main effects. 
C)  an interaction between two independent variables. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

In a two-factor factorial experiment, the effect of Factor A at a given level of Factor B is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the main effect of Factor A 
B)  the main effect of Factor B 
C)  the interaction of Factor A with Factor B 
D)  the simple effect of Factor A at the given level of Factor B 
A)  the main effect of Factor A 
B)  the main effect of Factor B 
C)  the interaction of Factor A with Factor B 
D)  the simple effect of Factor A at the given level of Factor B

Question 17

No amount of counterbalancing will eliminate _____ carryover effects.

Accepted Answer

A)  differential 
B)  subject-induced 
C)  within-group 
D)  nonequivalent 
A)  differential 
B)  subject-induced 
C)  within-group 
D)  nonequivalent

Question 18

A 3 * 2* 2 factorial design with 10 subjects per condition would require 120 subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

List and discuss the various situations where using a within-subjects experimental design is the most suitable option.

Accepted Answer

Within-subjects experimental design is m

Question 20

Often in studies that look at the effects of drugs on behavior, it is found that a participant's behavior can be altered if he or she believes a drug was taken. To test for this possibility, you would use a:

Accepted Answer

A)  single-subject design. 
B)  matched-pairs design. 
C)  multiple control group design. 
D)  design with several dependent variables. 
A)  single-subject design. 
B)  matched-pairs design. 
C)  multiple control group design. 
D)  design with several dependent variables.

A factorial experimental design incorporates a single independent variable in a single experiment.

Matching is effective even if there is little or no correlation between a variable used to match subjects and your dependent variable.

One way to reduce the impact of carryover caused by practice effects is to:

The main advantage of making order of treatments an independent variable is that one can measure the size of any carryover effect that may be present.

Although you can use matching with a single-factor multigroup design, it may not be advisable because:

List and discuss three sources of confounding in a between-subjects experiment. What steps could be taken to avoid confounding?

A design including a placebo control group is used to detect:

Counterbalancing can control carryover only if the carryover effects induced by different orders are of a lower magnitude.

Presence or absence is the simplest way to manipulate an independent variable.

Which of the following is a way of dealing with the problem of error variance?

Compare and contrast the between-subjects, within-subjects, and single-subject designs. What are the defining qualities of each?

Complete counterbalanced designs deal with carryover effects by averaging them out across treatments.

Carryover effects caused by adaptation and habituation can be reduced by:

Dr. Harris conducts a two-factor experiment where she plots her results on a graph and notices that the lines on the graph are not parallel (which is confirmed when she runs a statistical analysis). This pattern suggests the presence of:

In a two-factor factorial experiment, the effect of Factor A at a given level of Factor B is called _____.

No amount of counterbalancing will eliminate _____ carryover effects.

A 3 * 2* 2 factorial design with 10 subjects per condition would require 120 subjects.

List and discuss the various situations where using a within-subjects experimental design is the most suitable option.

Often in studies that look at the effects of drugs on behavior, it is found that a participant's behavior can be altered if he or she believes a drug was taken. To test for this possibility, you would use a:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters

Exam 10: Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

A factorial experimental design incorporates a single independent variable in a single experiment.

Matching is effective even if there is little or no correlation between a variable used to match subjects and your dependent variable.

One way to reduce the impact of carryover caused by practice effects is to:

The main advantage of making order of treatments an independent variable is that one can measure the size of any carryover effect that may be present.

Although you can use matching with a single-factor multigroup design, it may not be advisable because:

List and discuss three sources of confounding in a between-subjects experiment. What steps could be taken to avoid confounding?

A design including a placebo control group is used to detect:

Counterbalancing can control carryover only if the carryover effects induced by different orders are of a lower magnitude.

Presence or absence is the simplest way to manipulate an independent variable.

Which of the following is a way of dealing with the problem of error variance?

Compare and contrast the between-subjects, within-subjects, and single-subject designs. What are the defining qualities of each?

Complete counterbalanced designs deal with carryover effects by averaging them out across treatments.

Carryover effects caused by adaptation and habituation can be reduced by:

Dr. Harris conducts a two-factor experiment where she plots her results on a graph and notices that the lines on the graph are not parallel (which is confirmed when she runs a statistical analysis). This pattern suggests the presence of:

In a two-factor factorial experiment, the effect of Factor A at a given level of Factor B is called _____.

No amount of counterbalancing will eliminate _____ carryover effects.

A 3 * 2* 2 factorial design with 10 subjects per condition would require 120 subjects.

List and discuss the various situations where using a within-subjects experimental design is the most suitable option.

Often in studies that look at the effects of drugs on behavior, it is found that a participant's behavior can be altered if he or she believes a drug was taken. To test for this possibility, you would use a:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters