Question 1

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the within-subjects experimental design.

Accepted Answer

The within-subjects experimental design,

Question 2

If the effect of one independent variable changes over the levels of a second, a(n) _____ is present.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple main effect 
B)  interaction 
C)  confounding variable 
D)  matching variable 
A)  multiple main effect 
B)  interaction 
C)  confounding variable 
D)  matching variable

Question 3

According to the text, a disadvantage of a within-subjects design is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is less powerful than a between-subjects design. 
B)  more subjects are required than in a between-subjects design. 
C)  each subject must spend more time in your experiment and thus may become fatigued. 
D)  matching of subjects becomes cumbersome even in simple within-subjects designs. 
A)  it is less powerful than a between-subjects design. 
B)  more subjects are required than in a between-subjects design. 
C)  each subject must spend more time in your experiment and thus may become fatigued. 
D)  matching of subjects becomes cumbersome even in simple within-subjects designs.

Question 4

Discuss the steps that can be taken to minimize carryover effects in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

There are several steps that can be take

Question 5

Which of the following is the most likely disadvantage of a within-subjects design experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is difficult to detect the effects of an independent variable. 
B)  It requires a greater number of subjects than a between-subjects experiment. 
C)  It suffers from carryover effects, which is a serious problem. 
D)  It is hard to expose every subject to all levels of an experimental treatment. 
A)  It is difficult to detect the effects of an independent variable. 
B)  It requires a greater number of subjects than a between-subjects experiment. 
C)  It suffers from carryover effects, which is a serious problem. 
D)  It is hard to expose every subject to all levels of an experimental treatment.

Question 6

A viable alternative to counterbalancing is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  assume that there will be no carryover effects. 
B)  make treatment order an independent variable in your experiment. 
C)  run only a single treatment order. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  assume that there will be no carryover effects. 
B)  make treatment order an independent variable in your experiment. 
C)  run only a single treatment order. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

In a single-factor multilevel within-subjects design, a single group of subjects is exposed to three or more levels of a single independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In a _____ design, you assign subjects to one of two groups on a purely random basis.

Accepted Answer

A)  matched-pairs 
B)  demonstration 
C)  randomized two-group 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  matched-pairs 
B)  demonstration 
C)  randomized two-group 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

An advantage of the matched-groups design over the random assignment is that the matched-groups design:

Accepted Answer

A)  allows you to control subject variables that might otherwise obscure the effect of your independent variable. 
B)  requires fewer subjects. 
C)  uses more subjects, which increases the sensitivity of the experiment. 
D)  eliminates error variance completely. 
A)  allows you to control subject variables that might otherwise obscure the effect of your independent variable. 
B)  requires fewer subjects. 
C)  uses more subjects, which increases the sensitivity of the experiment. 
D)  eliminates error variance completely.

Question 10

Discuss how inferential statistics are used to assess the reliability of group differences. In your answer, be sure to include a discussion of the logic behind inferential statistics.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics are used to asses

Question 11

In cases where you want to assess changes in performance as a function of increasing exposure to treatment conditions, the most appropriate design is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  between-subjects design 
B)  correlational design 
C)  within-subjects design 
D)  combined design 
A)  between-subjects design 
B)  correlational design 
C)  within-subjects design 
D)  combined design

Question 12

Manipulating your independent variable qualitatively results in a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  parametric design 
B)  quantitative design 
C)  multigroup design 
D)  nonparametric design 
A)  parametric design 
B)  quantitative design 
C)  multigroup design 
D)  nonparametric design

Question 13

The performance of subjects in a control group indicates how they perform in the absence of an experimental treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The best way to avoid confounding variables in an experiment is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  statistically control for their effects after your experiment has been conducted. 
B)  adjust your independent variables during your experiment when you discover the confounding. 
C)  plan carefully how your independent variables are to be executed. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  statistically control for their effects after your experiment has been conducted. 
B)  adjust your independent variables during your experiment when you discover the confounding. 
C)  plan carefully how your independent variables are to be executed. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Identify a true statement about matched-groups experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Matching with a large number of groups becomes unwieldy because it is difficult to find subjects with equivalent scores on the variables to be matched. 
B)  Control of subject variables is difficult because it obscures the effect of the independent variable under investigation. 
C)  This design works best when a matched characteristic has little or no effect on a dependent variable. 
D)  Lack of requirement for pretesting makes this design less demanding and time-consuming than a randomized design. 
A)  Matching with a large number of groups becomes unwieldy because it is difficult to find subjects with equivalent scores on the variables to be matched. 
B)  Control of subject variables is difficult because it obscures the effect of the independent variable under investigation. 
C)  This design works best when a matched characteristic has little or no effect on a dependent variable. 
D)  Lack of requirement for pretesting makes this design less demanding and time-consuming than a randomized design.

Question 16

Making treatment order an independent variable allows you to:

Accepted Answer

A)  completely eliminate carryover effects. 
B)  partially eliminate carryover effects. 
C)  measure the amount of carryover and take it into account in future experiments. 
D)  not worry about carryover effects anymore. 
A)  completely eliminate carryover effects. 
B)  partially eliminate carryover effects. 
C)  measure the amount of carryover and take it into account in future experiments. 
D)  not worry about carryover effects anymore.

Question 17

Within-subjects designs are most useful when:

Accepted Answer

A)  subject differences contribute heavily to variation in the dependent variable. 
B)  carryover effects are large. 
C)  carryover effects vary unpredictably. 
D)  subject differences do not significantly affect the value of the dependent variable. 
A)  subject differences contribute heavily to variation in the dependent variable. 
B)  carryover effects are large. 
C)  carryover effects vary unpredictably. 
D)  subject differences do not significantly affect the value of the dependent variable.

Question 18

_____ occur(s) when a previous treatment alters the observed behavior in subsequent treatments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Error variance 
B)  Carryover effects 
C)  Experimenter bias 
D)  Sensitization effects 
A)  Error variance 
B)  Carryover effects 
C)  Experimenter bias 
D)  Sensitization effects

Question 19

Which of the following is effective in dealing with carryover effects in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensitizing and habituating participants to a stimulus 
B)  Introducing confounding variables 
C)  Showing main interactions between dependent variables 
D)  Making treatment order an independent variable 
A)  Sensitizing and habituating participants to a stimulus 
B)  Introducing confounding variables 
C)  Showing main interactions between dependent variables 
D)  Making treatment order an independent variable

Question 20

A within-subjects experimental design would be a better choice than a matched-groups experimental design if one is concerned that carryover effects will be a serious problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the within-subjects experimental design.

If the effect of one independent variable changes over the levels of a second, a(n) _____ is present.

According to the text, a disadvantage of a within-subjects design is that:

Discuss the steps that can be taken to minimize carryover effects in an experiment.

Which of the following is the most likely disadvantage of a within-subjects design experiment?

A viable alternative to counterbalancing is to:

In a single-factor multilevel within-subjects design, a single group of subjects is exposed to three or more levels of a single independent variable.

In a _____ design, you assign subjects to one of two groups on a purely random basis.

An advantage of the matched-groups design over the random assignment is that the matched-groups design:

Discuss how inferential statistics are used to assess the reliability of group differences. In your answer, be sure to include a discussion of the logic behind inferential statistics.

In cases where you want to assess changes in performance as a function of increasing exposure to treatment conditions, the most appropriate design is a _____.

Manipulating your independent variable qualitatively results in a _____.

The performance of subjects in a control group indicates how they perform in the absence of an experimental treatment.

The best way to avoid confounding variables in an experiment is to:

Identify a true statement about matched-groups experimental designs.

Making treatment order an independent variable allows you to:

Within-subjects designs are most useful when:

_____ occur(s) when a previous treatment alters the observed behavior in subsequent treatments.

Which of the following is effective in dealing with carryover effects in an experiment?

A within-subjects experimental design would be a better choice than a matched-groups experimental design if one is concerned that carryover effects will be a serious problem.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

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Exam 10: Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the within-subjects experimental design.

If the effect of one independent variable changes over the levels of a second, a(n) _____ is present.

According to the text, a disadvantage of a within-subjects design is that:

Discuss the steps that can be taken to minimize carryover effects in an experiment.

Which of the following is the most likely disadvantage of a within-subjects design experiment?

A viable alternative to counterbalancing is to:

In a single-factor multilevel within-subjects design, a single group of subjects is exposed to three or more levels of a single independent variable.

In a _____ design, you assign subjects to one of two groups on a purely random basis.

An advantage of the matched-groups design over the random assignment is that the matched-groups design:

Discuss how inferential statistics are used to assess the reliability of group differences. In your answer, be sure to include a discussion of the logic behind inferential statistics.

In cases where you want to assess changes in performance as a function of increasing exposure to treatment conditions, the most appropriate design is a _____.

Manipulating your independent variable qualitatively results in a _____.

The performance of subjects in a control group indicates how they perform in the absence of an experimental treatment.

The best way to avoid confounding variables in an experiment is to:

Identify a true statement about matched-groups experimental designs.

Making treatment order an independent variable allows you to:

Within-subjects designs are most useful when:

_____ occur(s) when a previous treatment alters the observed behavior in subsequent treatments.

Which of the following is effective in dealing with carryover effects in an experiment?

A within-subjects experimental design would be a better choice than a matched-groups experimental design if one is concerned that carryover effects will be a serious problem.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters