Exam 10: Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

In a matched-groups design, if the matched characteristic does not have much effect on the dependent variable under the conditions of the study, then it results in:

All other things being equal, compared to the between-subjects design, the within-subjects design is:

An advantage of a factorial design is that you can identify:

The confounding effects of poorly conceived and executed independent variables can be eliminated through a random assignment of subjects to conditions.

When complete counterbalancing cannot be done economically, a partially counterbalanced design can be used instead.

Within-subjects designs cope with the problem of error variance by:

Dr. Jones conducts a randomized two-group experiment on the effect of a drug on learning. She finds that subjects who receive the drug score more poorly on a memory test than those who do not receive the drug. Which of the following would Dr. Jones be justified in concluding?

Making treatment order an independent variable allows you to evaluate the impact of carryover effects on your results.

The matched equivalent of a randomized two-group design is the:

All other things being equal, the between-subjects design is more powerful than an equivalent within-subjects design.

A key assumption behind partial counterbalancing in a within-subjects experiment is that:

The presence of a confounding variable improves the internal validity of an experiment, which helps in establishing a causal relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

You are interested in studying how airline pilots react in emergency situations. To preserve external validity, you want to use real airline captains. In this case, a within-subjects design would be most desirable because:

Carryover effects due to fatigue can be reduced by giving a rest period between treatment conditions.

Counterbalancing eliminates carryover effects.

Error variance is eliminated in within-subjects designs.

In the context of types of experimental designs, each treatment is administered to a different group of subjects in a _____.

If an interaction between independent variables is present, then there can be no main effects of those independent variables.

The main advantage of conducting an experiment using a factorial design is that it allows one to separately assess the effect of each independent variable on a dependent variable.

_____ provides every possible ordering of treatments and assigns at least one subject to each ordering.