Question 1

If you were to analyze the transcripts of congressional hearings for instances of certain types of behavior, you would be using:

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  participant observation. 
C)  the case history method. 
D)  content analysis. 
A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  participant observation. 
C)  the case history method. 
D)  content analysis.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of percent agreement as a measure of interrater reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can be extended to cases involving more than two observers by computing the agreement for each possible pair of observers and averaging the result. 
B)  It understates the true level of interrater agreement in those cases where behaviors occur with very high or low frequency. 
C)  It makes provisions for estimating the extent to which an agreement observed may have occurred by chance. 
D)  It was designed primarily for ordinal data and is inapplicable to nominal-scale data. 
A)  It can be extended to cases involving more than two observers by computing the agreement for each possible pair of observers and averaging the result. 
B)  It understates the true level of interrater agreement in those cases where behaviors occur with very high or low frequency. 
C)  It makes provisions for estimating the extent to which an agreement observed may have occurred by chance. 
D)  It was designed primarily for ordinal data and is inapplicable to nominal-scale data.

Question 3

More than one observer should be used in an observational study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A disadvantage of archival research is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  institutional review board (IR
B)  rules governing archival research are stricter than those governing other types of research. 
B)  existing records may be difficult to access and may be incomplete. 
C)  an IRB review is required. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  institutional review board (IR
B)  rules governing archival research are stricter than those governing other types of research. 
B)  existing records may be difficult to access and may be incomplete. 
C)  an IRB review is required. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Case histories can be used to establish causal relationships among variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Observations that do not alter your participant's behavior are said to be _____ observations.

Accepted Answer

A)  obtrusive 
B)  blind 
C)  noninvasive 
D)  unobtrusive 
A)  obtrusive 
B)  blind 
C)  noninvasive 
D)  unobtrusive

Question 7

In a content analysis of children's literature, you record the number of times that either males or females are portrayed in dominant roles. You also record the type of situation in which those dominant roles are displayed. The information about the situations constitutes the _____ unit.

Accepted Answer

A)  context 
B)  recording 
C)  analysis 
D)  content 
A)  context 
B)  recording 
C)  analysis 
D)  content

Question 8

Which of the following is a factor that should be included when meta-analyzing literature?

Accepted Answer

A)  A full reference citation 
B)  The use of any control groups and steps taken to reduce confounding 
C)  The results from statistical analyses 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  A full reference citation 
B)  The use of any control groups and steps taken to reduce confounding 
C)  The results from statistical analyses 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

When doing archival research, you:

Accepted Answer

A)  need not worry about developing hypotheses. 
B)  need not worry about developing clear categories of variables. 
C)  should have specific research questions in mind. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  need not worry about developing hypotheses. 
B)  need not worry about developing clear categories of variables. 
C)  should have specific research questions in mind. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Identify a true statement about the method of Cohen's Kappa (K) to assess interrater reliability.

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses an analysis-of-variance (ANOV
A)  approach to assess reliability. 
B)  It involves assessing the reliability if one's observations are scaled on an interval or ratio scale of measurement. 
C)  It involves constructing a two-way table in which the columns represent observers' ratings and the rows represent participants. 
D)  It assesses the observed level of agreement relative to the level of agreement that would be expected by chance. 
A)  It uses an analysis-of-variance (ANOV
A)  approach to assess reliability. 
B)  It involves assessing the reliability if one's observations are scaled on an interval or ratio scale of measurement. 
C)  It involves constructing a two-way table in which the columns represent observers' ratings and the rows represent participants. 
D)  It assesses the observed level of agreement relative to the level of agreement that would be expected by chance.

Question 11

Describe how you would go about conducting an ethnographic study of a campus fraternity or sorority.

Accepted Answer

To conduct an ethnographic study of a ca

Question 12

According to Bakeman and Gottman (1997), a reason to check for interrater reliability is that it helps in ensuring that observers are accurate and that procedures used are reproducible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

To study the workings of a right-wing political group, you join the group and make observations at the group's regular meetings. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  participant observation. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  a field survey. 
D)  a field experiment. 
A)  participant observation. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  a field survey. 
D)  a field experiment.

Question 14

Which of the following does the text list as an advantage of recording behavior (for example, videotaping)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A behavior can be reviewed several times at your leisure. 
B)  Multiple observers can view a behavior without disrupting the subjects' natural behavior. 
C)  A camera often can be hidden more easily than a live observer. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  A behavior can be reviewed several times at your leisure. 
B)  Multiple observers can view a behavior without disrupting the subjects' natural behavior. 
C)  A camera often can be hidden more easily than a live observer. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Imagine that you are going to conduct an observational study of children during free play periods. Outline the steps you would take in designing your study. Include in your answer how you would define your behavioral categories, quantify behavior, and deal with behavioral complexity.

Accepted Answer

1. Define the research question: The fir

Question 16

Developing sound behavioral categories is the only major concern you should have when doing observational research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The unit of analysis in a meta-analysis should be:

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of one set of generally defined variables on another set. 
B)  the impact of variable X on variable Y. 
C)  the number of articles that can be found on a given topic. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  the effect of one set of generally defined variables on another set. 
B)  the impact of variable X on variable Y. 
C)  the number of articles that can be found on a given topic. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

When doing a content analysis, all the rules that apply to observational research in general apply.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The case history method can be used to:

Accepted Answer

A)  describe a single case. 
B)  contrast two cases to point out their differences. 
C)  analyze a case that illustrates some empirical or theoretical point. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  describe a single case. 
B)  contrast two cases to point out their differences. 
C)  analyze a case that illustrates some empirical or theoretical point. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

The first step when conducting an ethnographic study is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  gain access to a field setting. 
B)  gain entry into the group to be studied. 
C)  make observations and record data. 
D)  apply for membership in the group to be studied. 
A)  gain access to a field setting. 
B)  gain entry into the group to be studied. 
C)  make observations and record data. 
D)  apply for membership in the group to be studied.

If you were to analyze the transcripts of congressional hearings for instances of certain types of behavior, you would be using:

Which of the following statements is true of percent agreement as a measure of interrater reliability?

More than one observer should be used in an observational study.

A disadvantage of archival research is that:

Case histories can be used to establish causal relationships among variables.

Observations that do not alter your participant's behavior are said to be _____ observations.

In a content analysis of children's literature, you record the number of times that either males or females are portrayed in dominant roles. You also record the type of situation in which those dominant roles are displayed. The information about the situations constitutes the _____ unit.

Which of the following is a factor that should be included when meta-analyzing literature?

When doing archival research, you:

Identify a true statement about the method of Cohen's Kappa (K) to assess interrater reliability.

Describe how you would go about conducting an ethnographic study of a campus fraternity or sorority.

According to Bakeman and Gottman (1997), a reason to check for interrater reliability is that it helps in ensuring that observers are accurate and that procedures used are reproducible.

To study the workings of a right-wing political group, you join the group and make observations at the group's regular meetings. This is an example of:

Which of the following does the text list as an advantage of recording behavior (for example, videotaping)?

Imagine that you are going to conduct an observational study of children during free play periods. Outline the steps you would take in designing your study. Include in your answer how you would define your behavioral categories, quantify behavior, and deal with behavioral complexity.

Developing sound behavioral categories is the only major concern you should have when doing observational research.

The unit of analysis in a meta-analysis should be:

When doing a content analysis, all the rules that apply to observational research in general apply.

The case history method can be used to:

The first step when conducting an ethnographic study is to:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters

Exam 8: Doing Nonexperimental Research

If you were to analyze the transcripts of congressional hearings for instances of certain types of behavior, you would be using:

Which of the following statements is true of percent agreement as a measure of interrater reliability?

More than one observer should be used in an observational study.

A disadvantage of archival research is that:

Case histories can be used to establish causal relationships among variables.

Observations that do not alter your participant's behavior are said to be _____ observations.

In a content analysis of children's literature, you record the number of times that either males or females are portrayed in dominant roles. You also record the type of situation in which those dominant roles are displayed. The information about the situations constitutes the _____ unit.

Which of the following is a factor that should be included when meta-analyzing literature?

When doing archival research, you:

Identify a true statement about the method of Cohen's Kappa (K) to assess interrater reliability.

Describe how you would go about conducting an ethnographic study of a campus fraternity or sorority.

According to Bakeman and Gottman (1997), a reason to check for interrater reliability is that it helps in ensuring that observers are accurate and that procedures used are reproducible.

To study the workings of a right-wing political group, you join the group and make observations at the group's regular meetings. This is an example of:

Which of the following does the text list as an advantage of recording behavior (for example, videotaping)?

Imagine that you are going to conduct an observational study of children during free play periods. Outline the steps you would take in designing your study. Include in your answer how you would define your behavioral categories, quantify behavior, and deal with behavioral complexity.

Developing sound behavioral categories is the only major concern you should have when doing observational research.

The unit of analysis in a meta-analysis should be:

When doing a content analysis, all the rules that apply to observational research in general apply.

The case history method can be used to:

The first step when conducting an ethnographic study is to:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters