Exam 11: Data Analysis: Frequency Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Cross-Tabulation

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The difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution is called the variance.

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In a short essay, discuss measures of variability as they are associated with frequencies.Include a discussion of range, variance, and standard deviation.

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The measures of variability are statistics that indicate the distribution's dispersion.The range is the difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution.It measures the spread of the data and is simply the difference between the largest and smallest values in the sample.The difference between the mean and an observed value is called the deviation from the mean.The variance is the mean squared deviation from the mean, that is, the average of the square of the deviations from the mean for all the values.The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.Thus, the standard deviation is expressed in the same units as the data, while the variance is expressed in square units.

A hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution is called the F-test.

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An alternative hypothesis is a statement of the status quo, one of no difference or no effect.

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The mean of a sample is the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.

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Cross-tabulation examines associations between variables, not causation.

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According to the text, the ________ measures the spread of the data.

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Discuss the relationship between cross-tabulation and frequency distribution.

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The null hypothesis refers to a specified value of the population parameter, not a sample statistic.

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The ________ is always the hypothesis that is tested, but can never be accepted based on a single test.

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________ occurs when the sample results lead to nonrejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact false.

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A measure of how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis is called the ________.

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Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?

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The most common measures of variability are the ________ and ________.

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In a short essay, discuss measures of location as they are associated with frequencies.Include a discussion of mean, mode, and median to support your answer.

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The mean, mode, and median are associated with the measures of location of frequency distribution.

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Data collected in social media often lend themselves to basic analysis involving frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations.

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If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale, the median should be used.

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The ________ is a good measure of location when the variable is inherently categorical or has otherwise been grouped into categories.

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The mean is that value obtained by summing the values of all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements.

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