Question 1

An observation that the higher the air temperature,the lower the activity of test animals would be an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  negative correlation. 
B)  positive correlation. 
C)  causal relationship. 
D)  zero correlation. 
A)  negative correlation. 
B)  positive correlation. 
C)  causal relationship. 
D)  zero correlation.

Question 2

Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the WEAKEST relationship between two sets of variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.08 
B)  -0.29 
C)  0.48 
D)  -1.00 
A)  0.08 
B)  -0.29 
C)  0.48 
D)  -1.00

Question 3

If a television ad tells you that a "psychic hotline" can predict your entire future for you in three half-hour sessions,

Accepted Answer

A)  beware of over-simplification. 
B)  note the difference between observation and inference. 
C)  remember that correlation does not mean causation. 
D)  realize the authenticity of the psychic has been thoroughly checked by the TV media
Before broadcast. 
A)  beware of over-simplification. 
B)  note the difference between observation and inference. 
C)  remember that correlation does not mean causation. 
D)  realize the authenticity of the psychic has been thoroughly checked by the TV media
Before broadcast.

Question 4

Psychologists who attempt to explain our current behavior by looking back at human history to learn how natural selection and genetics affect us are advocating the __________ view.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists who attempt to explain our current...

Question 5

The modern media,and especially the Internet,function as a giant "echo chamber" awash with rumors,hoaxes,half-truths,and urban legends like the one about giant alligators living in
New York sewers.Therefore,as a critical thinker,you should

Accepted Answer

A)  be skeptical. 
B)  be wary of overly complex explanation. 
C)  remember that truth is often stranger than fiction. 
D)  that numerous postings of information on the Internet are required to establish proof. 
A)  be skeptical. 
B)  be wary of overly complex explanation. 
C)  remember that truth is often stranger than fiction. 
D)  that numerous postings of information on the Internet are required to establish proof.

Question 6

Decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure in a

Accepted Answer

A)  nonexistent relationship. 
B)  positive correlation. 
C)  negative correlation. 
D)  zero correlation. 
A)  nonexistent relationship. 
B)  positive correlation. 
C)  negative correlation. 
D)  zero correlation.

Question 7

A correlational coefficient is best characterized as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  measure of the extent of the relationship between two existing traits, behaviors, or events. 
B)  index of the causal direction between an independent and dependent variable. 
C)  indication of the likelihood that an experimental finding will be replicated by others. 
D)  measure of the likelihood that observed differences may be attributed to chance. 
A)  measure of the extent of the relationship between two existing traits, behaviors, or events. 
B)  index of the causal direction between an independent and dependent variable. 
C)  indication of the likelihood that an experimental finding will be replicated by others. 
D)  measure of the likelihood that observed differences may be attributed to chance.

Question 8

It is important for critical thinkers to take the word of an expert without asking questions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In 1933,Inez Beverly Prosser became the first African-American female psychologist to be
awarded her Ph.D.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Explain why humanistic psychologists rejected the claims of psychodynamic theories and behaviorism,and then briefly explain the humanistic approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that the humanists r

Question 11

The cognitive view of psychology takes a computer-like view of how the brain functions and explains behavior in terms of information processing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A small,randomly selected part of a larger population that accurately reflects characteristics of the whole population is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation group. 
B)  control group. 
C)  representative sample. 
D)  balance-bias sample. 
A)  correlation group. 
B)  control group. 
C)  representative sample. 
D)  balance-bias sample.

Question 13

A psychologist interested in improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony during trials would most likely be a forensic psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in very general terms is
called the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to consider a personal description...

Question 15

A local television station conducts what they refer to as "surveys," in which they ask viewers to call in their opinions to various topics.These "surveys" are not considered a scientific poll because the television station

Accepted Answer

A)  does not allow subjects to e-mail their responses. 
B)  is using a biased sample. 
C)  limits the response to only 20 minutes. 
D)  does not separate the responses according to gender or race. 
A)  does not allow subjects to e-mail their responses. 
B)  is using a biased sample. 
C)  limits the response to only 20 minutes. 
D)  does not separate the responses according to gender or race.

Question 16

Rather than focusing solely on the overall amount of evidence,one should,when critically
thinking,give greater weight to the __________ of the evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rather than focusing solely on the overall...

Question 17

Dr.Morrow is using a statistical technique to combine the results of hundreds of studies that have been conducted on gender differences in risk taking.Dr.Morrow is using __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Morrow is using a statistical technique to...

Question 18

Briefly describe the role of women and ethnic minorities in the study of psychology from its
early days to the present.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that most of the ear

Question 19

One of the disadvantages of the correlational method is that

Accepted Answer

A)  correlations may be weak. 
B)  correlations may be negative or zero. 
C)  it can only be used in laboratory settings. 
D)  the relationships observed between variables may be caused by some unknown third factor. 
A)  correlations may be weak. 
B)  correlations may be negative or zero. 
C)  it can only be used in laboratory settings. 
D)  the relationships observed between variables may be caused by some unknown third factor.

Question 20

We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group.The entire larger group of people is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  natural clinical trial. 
B)  representative sample. 
C)  population. 
D)  conglomerate. 
A)  natural clinical trial. 
B)  representative sample. 
C)  population. 
D)  conglomerate.

Exam 1: C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

An observation that the higher the air temperature,the lower the activity of test animals would be an example of a

Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the WEAKEST relationship between two sets of variables?

If a television ad tells you that a "psychic hotline" can predict your entire future for you in three half-hour sessions,

Psychologists who attempt to explain our current behavior by looking back at human history to learn how natural selection and genetics affect us are advocating the __________ view.

The modern media,and especially the Internet,function as a giant "echo chamber" awash with rumors,hoaxes,half-truths,and urban legends like the one about giant alligators living in New York sewers.Therefore,as a critical thinker,you should

Decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure in a

A correlational coefficient is best characterized as a(n)

It is important for critical thinkers to take the word of an expert without asking questions.

In 1933,Inez Beverly Prosser became the first African-American female psychologist to be awarded her Ph.D.

Explain why humanistic psychologists rejected the claims of psychodynamic theories and behaviorism,and then briefly explain the humanistic approach to psychology.

The cognitive view of psychology takes a computer-like view of how the brain functions and explains behavior in terms of information processing.

A small,randomly selected part of a larger population that accurately reflects characteristics of the whole population is known as a

A psychologist interested in improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony during trials would most likely be a forensic psychologist.

The tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in very general terms is called the __________ effect.

A local television station conducts what they refer to as "surveys," in which they ask viewers to call in their opinions to various topics.These "surveys" are not considered a scientific poll because the television station

Rather than focusing solely on the overall amount of evidence,one should,when critically thinking,give greater weight to the __________ of the evidence.

Dr.Morrow is using a statistical technique to combine the results of hundreds of studies that have been conducted on gender differences in risk taking.Dr.Morrow is using __________.

Briefly describe the role of women and ethnic minorities in the study of psychology from its early days to the present.

One of the disadvantages of the correlational method is that

We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group.The entire larger group of people is known as the

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology