Question 1

If a rat is on an FI-30-second schedule for bar pressing,the rat will be reinforced

Accepted Answer

A)  continuously for 30 seconds and then will receive no more reinforcement. 
B)  on the average, for every 30 seconds of responding. 
C)  for a bar press after having waited exactly 30 seconds after the last reinforced response. 
D)  for a bar press after an interval that averages 30 seconds. 
A)  continuously for 30 seconds and then will receive no more reinforcement. 
B)  on the average, for every 30 seconds of responding. 
C)  for a bar press after having waited exactly 30 seconds after the last reinforced response. 
D)  for a bar press after an interval that averages 30 seconds.

Question 2

A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable interval 
D)  fixed ratio 
A)  continuous 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable interval 
D)  fixed ratio

Question 3

Which of the following tends to develop when children are ignored for playing quietly,but are given attention in the form of scolding for "showing off," breaking something,or throwing a temper tantrum?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative shaping 
B)  negative attention seeking 
C)  negative transference 
D)  counterconditioning 
A)  negative shaping 
B)  negative attention seeking 
C)  negative transference 
D)  counterconditioning

Question 4

Every time you open the refrigerator,walk to a drinking fountain,turn up the heat,or order a double fudge sundae,your actions reflect __________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  latent 
C)  secondary 
D)  generalized 
A)  primary 
B)  latent 
C)  secondary 
D)  generalized

Question 5

If the teacher never calls on you when you raise your hand,you will probably stop raising your hand.This decrease in your hand raising due to the teacher ignoring you is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  desensitization. 
C)  operant extinction. 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  desensitization. 
C)  operant extinction. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 6

A team referee who fines a coach for unsportsmanlike conduct is using

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive conditioning. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  punishment. 
A)  aversive conditioning. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  punishment.

Question 7

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him,it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  continuous 
C)  intermittent 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  continuous 
C)  intermittent 
D)  variable interval

Question 8

Which of the following can either be the onset of an unpleasant event or the removal of a positive state of affairs?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  a punisher. 
C)  a primary threat. 
D)  discriminative stimuli. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  a punisher. 
C)  a primary threat. 
D)  discriminative stimuli.

Question 9

Regarding learning principles being applied to recycling efforts,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of energy taxes is an example of the use of latent learning to encourage individuals to consume less fossil fuels. 
B)  When factories, work groups, and dorms receive feedback on a weekly basis about how much they recycled, they typically recycle more. 
C)  Recycling is more effective when entire families participate, with some family members reinforcing the recycling behavior of the other family members. 
D)  People are able to calculate the volume of greenhouse gases that their individual consumption adds to the atmosphere by using an ecological footprint calculator. 
A)  The use of energy taxes is an example of the use of latent learning to encourage individuals to consume less fossil fuels. 
B)  When factories, work groups, and dorms receive feedback on a weekly basis about how much they recycled, they typically recycle more. 
C)  Recycling is more effective when entire families participate, with some family members reinforcing the recycling behavior of the other family members. 
D)  People are able to calculate the volume of greenhouse gases that their individual consumption adds to the atmosphere by using an ecological footprint calculator.

Question 10

If you drive through a red traffic light,you may get a ticket.If the light is green,you will not get a ticket.In operant conditioning terms,the red and green lights serve as

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitating stimuli. 
B)  reinforcing stimuli. 
C)  avoidance stimuli. 
D)  discriminative stimuli. 
A)  facilitating stimuli. 
B)  reinforcing stimuli. 
C)  avoidance stimuli. 
D)  discriminative stimuli.

Question 11

Every time you have a cold,you take a cold remedy to get rid of the symptoms.You are taking the medicine because of

Accepted Answer

A)  response cost. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  response cost. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real world example of using the response cost technique to change people's behaviors so that they will increase their conservation efforts?

Accepted Answer

A)  providing information regarding the number of gallons of water consumed that week 
B)  providing cash back for recycling 
C)  placing an energy tax on gasoline 
D)  none of these 
A)  providing information regarding the number of gallons of water consumed that week 
B)  providing cash back for recycling 
C)  placing an energy tax on gasoline 
D)  none of these

Question 13

If a punishment is given only after the undesired response occurs,we say the punishment is being given

Accepted Answer

A)  contingently. 
B)  intermittently. 
C)  in a latent form. 
D)  as negative reinforcer. 
A)  contingently. 
B)  intermittently. 
C)  in a latent form. 
D)  as negative reinforcer.

Question 14

By providing rebates for the purchase of energy efficient appliances or vehicles,the government is using which of the following to encourage conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  discriminative learning 
C)  cue learning 
D)  feedback 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  discriminative learning 
C)  cue learning 
D)  feedback

Question 15

People using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)often do better with feedback from a computer because CAI

Accepted Answer

A)  is more accurate than traditional instruction. 
B)  allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
C)  reinforces on a fixed ratio schedule rather than a fixed interval schedule. 
D)  provides a consistent format of behavioral contracting. 
A)  is more accurate than traditional instruction. 
B)  allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
C)  reinforces on a fixed ratio schedule rather than a fixed interval schedule. 
D)  provides a consistent format of behavioral contracting.

Question 16

Parking tickets and other fines are based on a type of punishment known as

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  response chaining. 
C)  response cost. 
D)  aversive conditioning. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  response chaining. 
C)  response cost. 
D)  aversive conditioning.

Question 17

The first grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well.If they earn five stickers in one day they are exempt from homework.The stickers in this example could also be called

Accepted Answer

A)  token reinforcers. 
B)  primary reinforcers. 
C)  bribes. 
D)  prepotent responses. 
A)  token reinforcers. 
B)  primary reinforcers. 
C)  bribes. 
D)  prepotent responses.

Question 18

Some computer-assisted (CAI)programs make use of instructional games involving stories,competition with a partner,sound effects,and game-like graphics that increase interest and motivation.These CAI programs are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  token economies. 
B)  educational feedback loops. 
C)  latent learning exercises. 
D)  serious games. 
A)  token economies. 
B)  educational feedback loops. 
C)  latent learning exercises. 
D)  serious games.

Question 19

Every time a video game player moves,the game instantly provides sounds,animated actions,and a higher or lower score.This situation illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcers. 
B)  feedback. 
C)  training trials. 
D)  motivational skill-building. 
A)  primary reinforcers. 
B)  feedback. 
C)  training trials. 
D)  motivational skill-building.

Question 20

The most complex serious games allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" to learn to solve real-world problems,and by seeing the effects of their choices,students discover basic principles of physics,biology,psychology,or other subjects.These complex serious games are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  token economies. 
B)  educational simulations. 
C)  latent learning exercises. 
D)  educational feedback loops. 
A)  token economies. 
B)  educational simulations. 
C)  latent learning exercises. 
D)  educational feedback loops.

Exam 6: B: Conditioning and Learning

If a rat is on an FI-30-second schedule for bar pressing,the rat will be reinforced

A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?

Which of the following tends to develop when children are ignored for playing quietly,but are given attention in the form of scolding for "showing off," breaking something,or throwing a temper tantrum?

Every time you open the refrigerator,walk to a drinking fountain,turn up the heat,or order a double fudge sundae,your actions reflect __________ reinforcers.

If the teacher never calls on you when you raise your hand,you will probably stop raising your hand.This decrease in your hand raising due to the teacher ignoring you is an example of

A team referee who fines a coach for unsportsmanlike conduct is using

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him,it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?

Which of the following can either be the onset of an unpleasant event or the removal of a positive state of affairs?

Regarding learning principles being applied to recycling efforts,which of the following statements is FALSE?

If you drive through a red traffic light,you may get a ticket.If the light is green,you will not get a ticket.In operant conditioning terms,the red and green lights serve as

Every time you have a cold,you take a cold remedy to get rid of the symptoms.You are taking the medicine because of

Which of the following is a real world example of using the response cost technique to change people's behaviors so that they will increase their conservation efforts?

If a punishment is given only after the undesired response occurs,we say the punishment is being given

By providing rebates for the purchase of energy efficient appliances or vehicles,the government is using which of the following to encourage conservation?

People using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)often do better with feedback from a computer because CAI

Parking tickets and other fines are based on a type of punishment known as

The first grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well.If they earn five stickers in one day they are exempt from homework.The stickers in this example could also be called

Some computer-assisted (CAI)programs make use of instructional games involving stories,competition with a partner,sound effects,and game-like graphics that increase interest and motivation.These CAI programs are known as

Every time a video game player moves,the game instantly provides sounds,animated actions,and a higher or lower score.This situation illustrates the use of

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology