Question 1

The structure and function of a protein are determined by its ________ sequence.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide 
B)  amino acid 
C)  ribonucleotide 
D)  translocation 
A)  nucleotide 
B)  amino acid 
C)  ribonucleotide 
D)  translocation B

Question 2

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

Accepted Answer

Answers should demonstrate understanding that a second round of replication will begin before the first round is finished under optimum growth conditions.Thus the cells can divide in less than 40 minutes,because it started copying the chromosome in the previous mother cell.

Question 3

Transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  cytoplasm. 
D)  nucleus. 
A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  cytoplasm. 
D)  nucleus. D

Question 4

RNA is incapable of forming secondary structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Explain the concept of semiconservative replication and how simultaneous copying of both strands of DNA is accomplished in prokaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

During replication,only one of the two s

Question 6

RNA acts at both the genetic and the functional levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In Bacteria,a chromosome can be distinguished from a plasmid,because a chromosome is a genetic element that

Accepted Answer

A)  is circular. 
B)  is linear. 
C)  encodes for essential functional genes. 
D)  replicates via a bidirectional fork. 
A)  is circular. 
B)  is linear. 
C)  encodes for essential functional genes. 
D)  replicates via a bidirectional fork.

Question 8

Plasmids often encode for proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  involved in translation. 
B)  required for cellular growth. 
C)  that confer resistance to antibiotics. 
D)  involved in DNA replication. 
A)  involved in translation. 
B)  required for cellular growth. 
C)  that confer resistance to antibiotics. 
D)  involved in DNA replication.

Question 9

What is the basic flow of genetic information in all cellular life? Include in your answer a diagram that illustrates the relationships between the basic components and steps in the flow of genetic information.

Accepted Answer

Answers and diagrams should demonstrate

Question 10

Explain the role of sigma factors in RNA synthesis in Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A sigma factor is one of five subunits w

Question 11

AT-rich DNA will denature/melt

Accepted Answer

A)  at a higher temperature than GC-rich DNA. 
B)  at a lower temperature than GC-rich DNA. 
C)  usually at the same temperature as GC-rich DNA, with some minor variations. 
D)  in accordance with the animal or plant from which it was taken. 
A)  at a higher temperature than GC-rich DNA. 
B)  at a lower temperature than GC-rich DNA. 
C)  usually at the same temperature as GC-rich DNA, with some minor variations. 
D)  in accordance with the animal or plant from which it was taken.

Question 12

Explain the function of the helicases and why they are necessary.

Accepted Answer

Helicase enzymes require energy from ATP

Question 13

Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE? Explain why you think so.
"Proteins are the only biomolecules capable of catalyzing bond formation."

Accepted Answer

A theme to this answer should be how sev

Question 14

In nature,the predominant form of DNA is supercoiled in a negative direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the reaction between the appropriate amino acid and ATP to form an activated amino acid: amino acid + ATP ↔ aminoacyl-AMP + P-P.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

An example of correct nucleotide pairing is

Accepted Answer

A)  T and U. 
B)  G and U. 
C)  A and T. 
D)  C and U. 
A)  T and U. 
B)  G and U. 
C)  A and T. 
D)  C and U.

Question 17

The function of the DNA polymerase is to catalyze

Accepted Answer

A)  the addition of deoxynucleotides. 
B)  the formation of RNA primers. 
C)  the addition of ribonucleotides. 
D)  hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs. 
A)  the addition of deoxynucleotides. 
B)  the formation of RNA primers. 
C)  the addition of ribonucleotides. 
D)  hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs.

Question 18

The genetic material in a virus is technically called a plasmid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The precursor of each new nucleotide in a strand of DNA is a

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate. 
B)  deoxynucleoside 3'-diphosphate. 
C)  deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate. 
D)  deoxynucleoside 3'-triphosphate. 
A)  deoxynucleoside 5'-diphosphate. 
B)  deoxynucleoside 3'-diphosphate. 
C)  deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate. 
D)  deoxynucleoside 3'-triphosphate.

Question 20

How are plasmids different than chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmids are always small, linear pieces of DNA. 
B)  Plasmids are composed of single-stranded DNA. 
C)  Plasmids contain genes that are NOT essential for cellular growth and replication. 
D)  Plasmids carry unimportant genes that are of little significance for the ecology and metabolism of an organism. 
A)  Plasmids are always small, linear pieces of DNA. 
B)  Plasmids are composed of single-stranded DNA. 
C)  Plasmids contain genes that are NOT essential for cellular growth and replication. 
D)  Plasmids carry unimportant genes that are of little significance for the ecology and metabolism of an organism.

Exam 4: Molecular Biology

The structure and function of a protein are determined by its ________ sequence.

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

Transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the

RNA is incapable of forming secondary structure.

Explain the concept of semiconservative replication and how simultaneous copying of both strands of DNA is accomplished in prokaryotic cells.

RNA acts at both the genetic and the functional levels.

In Bacteria,a chromosome can be distinguished from a plasmid,because a chromosome is a genetic element that

Plasmids often encode for proteins

What is the basic flow of genetic information in all cellular life? Include in your answer a diagram that illustrates the relationships between the basic components and steps in the flow of genetic information.

Explain the role of sigma factors in RNA synthesis in Bacteria.

AT-rich DNA will denature/melt

Explain the function of the helicases and why they are necessary.

Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE? Explain why you think so. "Proteins are the only biomolecules capable of catalyzing bond formation."

In nature,the predominant form of DNA is supercoiled in a negative direction.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the reaction between the appropriate amino acid and ATP to form an activated amino acid: amino acid + ATP ↔ aminoacyl-AMP + P-P.

An example of correct nucleotide pairing is

The function of the DNA polymerase is to catalyze

The genetic material in a virus is technically called a plasmid.

The precursor of each new nucleotide in a strand of DNA is a

How are plasmids different than chromosomes?

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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