Question 1

Arid soils are among the most extreme environments on earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The physiochemical conditions of a microenvironment,by definition,remain static.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Distinguish an ecotype from a species,and provide an example of an ecotype.

Accepted Answer

An ecotype is a genetic variant of a species that shares a physiological trait unlike other ecotypes.Ecotypes are distinguished from one another by occupying different niches.For example,one Prochlorococcus ecotype is exclusively found in low light conditions,while another Prochlorococcus ecotype is present only in high light conditions.

Question 4

In the oceans,prokaryotes are outnumbered ten to one by

Accepted Answer

A)  zooplankton. 
B)  diatoms. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  phytoplankton. 
A)  zooplankton. 
B)  diatoms. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  phytoplankton.

Question 5

What adaptation do organisms have that tolerate high pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased cell size 
B)  decreased lipid content 
C)  increased ribosome size 
D)  increased unsaturated fatty acids 
A)  decreased cell size 
B)  decreased lipid content 
C)  increased ribosome size 
D)  increased unsaturated fatty acids

Question 6

Which metric describes the proportion of EACH species present in a community?

Accepted Answer

A)  species abundance 
B)  species diversity 
C)  species evenness 
D)  species richness 
A)  species abundance 
B)  species diversity 
C)  species evenness 
D)  species richness

Question 7

Explain why biofilms are a concern in medicine.

Accepted Answer

Organisms on the surface of a biofilm ca

Question 8

A population of metabolically related microorganisms is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  guild. 
B)  niche. 
C)  ecosystem. 
D)  haplotype. 
A)  guild. 
B)  niche. 
C)  ecosystem. 
D)  haplotype.

Question 9

A notorious biofilm former implicated in cystic fibrosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus subtilis. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Lactobacillus acidophilus. 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
A)  Bacillus subtilis. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Lactobacillus acidophilus. 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Question 10

Explain how both biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand are measured.

Accepted Answer

The biochemical oxygen demand is determi

Question 11

Unlike other cyanobacteria,Prochlorococcus lacks phycobilins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

From the aquatic systems below,where are heterotrophic Bacteria the MOST abundant?

Accepted Answer

A)  coastal waters 
B)  deep sea 
C)  Sargasso Sea 
D)  open ocean 
A)  coastal waters 
B)  deep sea 
C)  Sargasso Sea 
D)  open ocean

Question 13

Soil particles are classified based on their size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Microenvironments of soil exist where ________ concentrations greatly vary.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  nitrate 
C)  sulfur 
D)  oxygen, nitrate, and sulfur 
A)  oxygen 
B)  nitrate 
C)  sulfur 
D)  oxygen, nitrate, and sulfur

Question 15

The number of Roseobacter in the ocean describes

Accepted Answer

A)  species diversity. 
B)  species richness. 
C)  species abundance. 
D)  species prevalence. 
A)  species diversity. 
B)  species richness. 
C)  species abundance. 
D)  species prevalence.

Question 16

________ use inorganic electron donors released from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemolithotrophs 
B)  Photoheterotrophs 
C)  Chemoheterotrophs 
D)  Photolithotrophs 
A)  Chemolithotrophs 
B)  Photoheterotrophs 
C)  Chemoheterotrophs 
D)  Photolithotrophs

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an oxygenic phototrophic microorganism present in marine waters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ostreococcus 
B)  Prochlorococcus 
C)  Roseobacter 
D)  Trichodesmium 
A)  Ostreococcus 
B)  Prochlorococcus 
C)  Roseobacter 
D)  Trichodesmium

Question 18

Epsilonproteobacteria are most dominant in hydrothermal vents because they

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce nitrogen. 
B)  oxidize reduced sulfur compounds. 
C)  use oxygen as electron acceptors. 
D)  bind divalent cations. 
A)  reduce nitrogen. 
B)  oxidize reduced sulfur compounds. 
C)  use oxygen as electron acceptors. 
D)  bind divalent cations.

Question 19

What is an average concentration of prokaryotic cells along the surface of pelagic water?

Accepted Answer

A)  10⁴ cells/ml 
B)  10⁶ cells/ml 
C)  10⁸ cells/ml 
D)  10¹⁰ cells/ml 
A)  10⁴ cells/ml 
B)  10⁶ cells/ml 
C)  10⁸ cells/ml 
D)  10¹⁰ cells/ml

Question 20

The generation time of Escherichia coli in the human intestine is ________ in laboratory culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  at about the same rate as 
B)  faster than 
C)  more optimal than 
D)  slower than 
A)  at about the same rate as 
B)  faster than 
C)  more optimal than 
D)  slower than

Exam 19: Microbial Ecosystems

Arid soils are among the most extreme environments on earth.

The physiochemical conditions of a microenvironment,by definition,remain static.

Distinguish an ecotype from a species,and provide an example of an ecotype.

In the oceans,prokaryotes are outnumbered ten to one by

What adaptation do organisms have that tolerate high pressures?

Which metric describes the proportion of EACH species present in a community?

Explain why biofilms are a concern in medicine.

A population of metabolically related microorganisms is called a(n)

A notorious biofilm former implicated in cystic fibrosis is

Explain how both biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand are measured.

Unlike other cyanobacteria,Prochlorococcus lacks phycobilins.

From the aquatic systems below,where are heterotrophic Bacteria the MOST abundant?

Soil particles are classified based on their size.

Microenvironments of soil exist where ________ concentrations greatly vary.

The number of Roseobacter in the ocean describes

________ use inorganic electron donors released from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

Which of the following is NOT an oxygenic phototrophic microorganism present in marine waters?

Epsilonproteobacteria are most dominant in hydrothermal vents because they

What is an average concentration of prokaryotic cells along the surface of pelagic water?

The generation time of Escherichia coli in the human intestine is ________ in laboratory culture.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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