Exam 14: Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Sulfide oxidizers are among the most ecologically diverse trophic groups because of the different strategies they employ to access sufficient amounts of sulfide and oxygen simultaneously.

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Question 1

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You are looking at a sample from the top green layer of a colorful bacterial mat.Using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy,you see evenly spaced cells in the middle of a filament that are slightly smaller than the others.The smaller cells are not fluorescent,indicating they lack photosystem II,but the rest of the filament is fluorescent.What type of filamentous bacteria are you most likely looking at?

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Question 2

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How do Cyanobacteria impact the ecology of both aquatic and terrestrial environments on Earth?

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Question 3

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Cyanobacteria can contribute up to 80% of photosynthesis in some aquatic environments.They are also especially important in extreme terrestrial environments that are characterized by high salinity,extremely low moisture,extreme temperatures,and/or high UV irradiation.For example,they are the main photosynthetic organisms in photosynthetic soil crusts in the deserts and in the dry valleys of Antarctica.In addition to contributing to primary productivity,many species are also able to fix nitrogen.The addition of both nitrogen and carbon to ecosystems is critical for productivity.Their ability to fix nitrogen (which eukaryotic organisms CANNOT do on their own)increases primary productivity in environments with very low N.

Dissimilatory iron-oxidation is a relatively new metabolism and is restricted to one unusual phylum of bacteria.

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Question 4

Bioluminescence is catalyzed by luciferase,which creates light by

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Question 5

Given that multiple diverse phyla (e.g.diverse phylogenetic groups)of microorganisms can perform similar functions in ecosystems,how we might predict the microbial functions performed by a particular organism or in a particular environment without relying on growing all of the microbes in the lab?

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Question 6

Dissimilatory sulfide-oxidizers use a variety of unique ecological strategies in order to

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Question 7

Magnetosomes are specialized magnetic structures,found in iron-reducing bacteria,that aid in chemotaxis towards iron-oxides.

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Question 8

Budding is a form of reproduction whereby prokaryotic microbes can reproduce sexually.

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Question 9

Prosthecae are thought to be an adaptation to growth in nutrient-rich environments such as sediments and sewage.

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Question 10

Nitrogenase is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme even though many diazotrophs are aerobic microorganisms.

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Question 11

What functional group (or groups)of microbes would be most useful in a microbial fuel cell in which electrons are transferred to and from solid metal electrodes? Why?

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Question 12

Prosthecae are an adaptation for

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Question 13

Typical electron donors used by dissimilative sulfate-reducers are

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Question 14

Purple sulfur bacteria are

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Question 15

Dissimilative iron-reducing bacteria couple the

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Question 16

Bacteria that contain complex internal membrane systems are more likely to divide by budding than by binary fission.

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Question 17

A few bacteria are capable of growing on gases as the sole source of energy,carbon,and nitrogen.Which of the following combination of gases would support the growth of a bacterium in mineral media with NO other additions?

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Question 18

Bacteria and Archaea are general single-celled organisms,but some phyla form sheaths around multiple cells to facilitate attachment and filament formation.

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Question 19

Tilling or plowing is a common agriculture practice that has been proven to have a profound impact on the nitrogen cycle.Tilling breaks up hard soils to ease the planting and germination of crops,and it also introduces more oxygen into the soil.Many fertilizers contain N in the form of ammonia because ammonia is readily absorbed and used by plants,while N in the form of nitrate is more mobile and is more easily lost from the soil.Based on your knowledge of microbial transformations of inorganic nitrogen species,what impact would you predict extensive tilling to have on the fate of ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizer?

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Question 20

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Exam 14: Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Sulfide oxidizers are among the most ecologically diverse trophic groups because of the different strategies they employ to access sufficient amounts of sulfide and oxygen simultaneously.

How do Cyanobacteria impact the ecology of both aquatic and terrestrial environments on Earth?

Dissimilatory iron-oxidation is a relatively new metabolism and is restricted to one unusual phylum of bacteria.

Bioluminescence is catalyzed by luciferase,which creates light by

Given that multiple diverse phyla (e.g.diverse phylogenetic groups)of microorganisms can perform similar functions in ecosystems,how we might predict the microbial functions performed by a particular organism or in a particular environment without relying on growing all of the microbes in the lab?

Dissimilatory sulfide-oxidizers use a variety of unique ecological strategies in order to

Magnetosomes are specialized magnetic structures,found in iron-reducing bacteria,that aid in chemotaxis towards iron-oxides.

Budding is a form of reproduction whereby prokaryotic microbes can reproduce sexually.

Prosthecae are thought to be an adaptation to growth in nutrient-rich environments such as sediments and sewage.

Nitrogenase is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme even though many diazotrophs are aerobic microorganisms.

What functional group (or groups)of microbes would be most useful in a microbial fuel cell in which electrons are transferred to and from solid metal electrodes? Why?

Prosthecae are an adaptation for

Typical electron donors used by dissimilative sulfate-reducers are

Purple sulfur bacteria are

Dissimilative iron-reducing bacteria couple the

Bacteria that contain complex internal membrane systems are more likely to divide by budding than by binary fission.

A few bacteria are capable of growing on gases as the sole source of energy,carbon,and nitrogen.Which of the following combination of gases would support the growth of a bacterium in mineral media with NO other additions?

Bacteria and Archaea are general single-celled organisms,but some phyla form sheaths around multiple cells to facilitate attachment and filament formation.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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