Question 1

The component that enriches chocolate agar is

Accepted Answer

A)  chocolate. 
B)  methyl brown indicator dye. 
C)  heat-lysed blood cells. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  chocolate. 
B)  methyl brown indicator dye. 
C)  heat-lysed blood cells. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. C

Question 2

Widespread antimicrobial drug resistance is usually passed by

Accepted Answer

A)  heterologous gene expression. 
B)  reverse transcription. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  gene splicing. 
A)  heterologous gene expression. 
B)  reverse transcription. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  gene splicing. C

Question 3

Discuss antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the use of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)values.

Accepted Answer

Antimicrobial susceptibility is measured by determining the smallest amount of agent needed to completely inhibit the growth of the test organism in vitro.This value is called the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).The MIC is determined by preparing a series of culture tubes that are inoculated with the same number of microorganisms.Each tube contains liquid medium with increasing concentration of the antimicrobial agent.After incubation,the tubes are checked for visible growth.This is usually completed using an automated format.A miniaturized version of this test shows a standard microtiter method using twofold dilutions of several antibiotics in medium inoculated with a standard amount of the test bacteria.

Question 4

Which of the following is a cause of drug-specific resistance in disease-causing organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  inappropriate hygiene 
B)  nosocomial infection 
C)  poor immunity 
D)  indiscriminate nonmedical use of antimicrobials 
A)  inappropriate hygiene 
B)  nosocomial infection 
C)  poor immunity 
D)  indiscriminate nonmedical use of antimicrobials

Question 5

Protein A,commonly used in immunoblots,is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus. 
B)  Escherichia. 
C)  Bacillus. 
D)  Clostridium. 
A)  Staphylococcus. 
B)  Escherichia. 
C)  Bacillus. 
D)  Clostridium.

Question 6

A mechanism for penicillin resistance in bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylation of the antibiotic. 
B)  phosphorylation of the antibiotic. 
C)  confirmation change of the antibiotic. 
D)  splitting the β-lactam ring of the antibiotic. 
A)  acetylation of the antibiotic. 
B)  phosphorylation of the antibiotic. 
C)  confirmation change of the antibiotic. 
D)  splitting the β-lactam ring of the antibiotic.

Question 7

Two common or important bacterial pathogens found in the blood are

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. 
B)  Enterobacter and Proteus. 
C)  Shigella and Salmonella. 
D)  HIV and Escherichia coli. 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. 
B)  Enterobacter and Proteus. 
C)  Shigella and Salmonella. 
D)  HIV and Escherichia coli.

Question 8

Salmonella is commonly associated with wound infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Blood agar is an example of a(n)________ medium.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective 
B)  general-purpose 
C)  enrichment 
D)  differential 
A)  selective 
B)  general-purpose 
C)  enrichment 
D)  differential

Question 10

Gram stain smears of urethral exudates for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are highly specific.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Differentiate between the various biosafety levels and when they are most appropriately used.

Accepted Answer

Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1)is often used i

Question 12

The study of antigen-antibody reactions is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  serology. 
B)  immunology. 
C)  toxicology. 
D)  epidemiology. 
A)  serology. 
B)  immunology. 
C)  toxicology. 
D)  epidemiology.

Question 13

What is the basis for inferring infection of a pathogen when a serological EIA is performed? In this context,what does a positive result indicate?

Accepted Answer

An EIA can measure the titer of a specif

Question 14

Describe the use of combination drugs and why they are effective.Provide examples.

Accepted Answer

The efficacy of some antibiotics can be

Question 15

Hybridization requires a nucleic acid probe that binds to DNA or RNA of interest,which must be in the ________ form for hybridization to occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded 
B)  double-stranded 
C)  oligomerized 
D)  polymerized 
A)  single-stranded 
B)  double-stranded 
C)  oligomerized 
D)  polymerized

Question 16

At this time,EIA tests are too difficult for routine diagnoses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Hydrogen sulfide production is assayed by growth in a medium containing ferric iron (Fe³⁺).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Indirect EIA is used to detect

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  serum. 
A)  antigens. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  serum.

Question 19

Nucleic acid probes and immunological reagents are NOT commonly used in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of viral disease,because the cultivation of the virus is often difficult or even impossible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The first antibiotic to be characterized was a

Accepted Answer

A)  cephalosporin. 
B)  quinolone. 
C)  β-lactam. 
D)  macrolide. 
A)  cephalosporin. 
B)  quinolone. 
C)  β-lactam. 
D)  macrolide.

Exam 27: Diagnostic Microbiology

The component that enriches chocolate agar is

Widespread antimicrobial drug resistance is usually passed by

Discuss antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the use of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)values.

Which of the following is a cause of drug-specific resistance in disease-causing organisms?

Protein A,commonly used in immunoblots,is derived from

A mechanism for penicillin resistance in bacteria is

Two common or important bacterial pathogens found in the blood are

Salmonella is commonly associated with wound infections.

Blood agar is an example of a(n)________ medium.

Gram stain smears of urethral exudates for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are highly specific.

Differentiate between the various biosafety levels and when they are most appropriately used.

The study of antigen-antibody reactions is known as

What is the basis for inferring infection of a pathogen when a serological EIA is performed? In this context,what does a positive result indicate?

Describe the use of combination drugs and why they are effective.Provide examples.

Hybridization requires a nucleic acid probe that binds to DNA or RNA of interest,which must be in the ________ form for hybridization to occur.

At this time,EIA tests are too difficult for routine diagnoses.

Hydrogen sulfide production is assayed by growth in a medium containing ferric iron (Fe³⁺).

Indirect EIA is used to detect

Nucleic acid probes and immunological reagents are NOT commonly used in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of viral disease,because the cultivation of the virus is often difficult or even impossible.

The first antibiotic to be characterized was a

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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