Question 1

Among the largest RNA genome viruses are ________ which contain a ________ genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  coronaviruses / dsRNA 
B)  coronaviruses / positive ssRNA 
C)  polioviruses / dsRNA 
D)  polioviruses / positive ssRNA 
A)  coronaviruses / dsRNA 
B)  coronaviruses / positive ssRNA 
C)  polioviruses / dsRNA 
D)  polioviruses / positive ssRNA B

Question 2

Varied transcription mechanisms distinguish the different DNA virus Baltimore classes,whereas varied translational mechanisms distinguish RNA viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

To promote the translational activity of ribosomes in human cells for synthesizing viral proteins during viral infection,viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  chemically modify (e.g., cap and methylate) the transcripts. 
B)  keep a ribosome binding site specific to human ribosomes on their genome. 
C)  maintain introns and sometimes extrons in their genomes to appear as eukaryotic mRNA. 
D)  only adhere to and infect metabolically active host cells where protein synthesis is high. 
A)  chemically modify (e.g., cap and methylate) the transcripts. 
B)  keep a ribosome binding site specific to human ribosomes on their genome. 
C)  maintain introns and sometimes extrons in their genomes to appear as eukaryotic mRNA. 
D)  only adhere to and infect metabolically active host cells where protein synthesis is high. A

Question 4

In T7,the proteins that inhibit the host restriction system are synthesized

Accepted Answer

A)  before the entire T7 genome enters the cell. 
B)  while the T7 genome is entering the cell but before it enters the nucleus. 
C)  after the T7 genome is completely within the host cytoplasm. 
D)  in response to the T7 genome binding to the host chromosome. 
A)  before the entire T7 genome enters the cell. 
B)  while the T7 genome is entering the cell but before it enters the nucleus. 
C)  after the T7 genome is completely within the host cytoplasm. 
D)  in response to the T7 genome binding to the host chromosome.

Question 5

Viruses are known to infect Bacteria,but no virus has yet been found that infects Archaea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

How could overlapping genes in a positive ssDNA virus genome be predicted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Convert the positive ssDNA into its complementary ssDNA and search for genes in the negative ssDNA strand for sequences used in more than one predicted gene. 
B)  Directly search the three frames of the positive ssDNA for genes that have sequences where more than one gene is predicted. 
C)  Convert the positive ssDNA into negative ssDNA and search all six possible frames for genes that use part of the same sequence. 
D)  Convert the positive ssDNA into its complementary ssDNA and search for genes in the negative ssDNA strand that also share a complementary gene in the positive strand. 
A)  Convert the positive ssDNA into its complementary ssDNA and search for genes in the negative ssDNA strand for sequences used in more than one predicted gene. 
B)  Directly search the three frames of the positive ssDNA for genes that have sequences where more than one gene is predicted. 
C)  Convert the positive ssDNA into negative ssDNA and search all six possible frames for genes that use part of the same sequence. 
D)  Convert the positive ssDNA into its complementary ssDNA and search for genes in the negative ssDNA strand that also share a complementary gene in the positive strand.

Question 7

A bacteriophage that lacks its proteinaceous capsid structure is also called a viroid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Identifying proteases being essential for replication of a virus would suggest the virus

Accepted Answer

A)  lyses its host following genome replication. 
B)  contains at least one polyprotein. 
C)  has a single-stranded RNA genome. 
D)  uses at least one set of overlapping genes. 
A)  lyses its host following genome replication. 
B)  contains at least one polyprotein. 
C)  has a single-stranded RNA genome. 
D)  uses at least one set of overlapping genes.

Question 9

Viruses that infect the hyperthermophilic Archaea tend to contain genomes that are composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  ssDNA. 
B)  dsDNA. 
C)  ssRNA. 
D)  dsRNA. 
A)  ssDNA. 
B)  dsDNA. 
C)  ssRNA. 
D)  dsRNA.

Question 10

Many human-infecting viruses that illicit a strong immune response cause additional harmful effects on humans,so the discovery of a virus that can induce an immune response but not cause harm made it attractive for vaccine development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Knowing the genome of Mu bacteriophage now enables researchers to locate where it incorporates into bacterial genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Mu is a ________ virus with a ________ tail.

Accepted Answer

A)  ssRNA / filamentous 
B)  dsRNA / helical 
C)  ssDNA / filamentous 
D)  dsDNA / helical 
A)  ssRNA / filamentous 
B)  dsRNA / helical 
C)  ssDNA / filamentous 
D)  dsDNA / helical

Question 13

Of the phage listed below,which creates mutations in its host genome via transposition?

Accepted Answer

A)  lambda 
B)  M13 
C)  Mu 
D)  T7 
A)  lambda 
B)  M13 
C)  Mu 
D)  T7

Question 14

As a consequence of the immune system in humans recognizing dsRNA as foreign,

Accepted Answer

A)  dsRNA viruses rarely infect humans. 
B)  dsRNA viruses quickly transcribe their genes into mRNA which is insensitive to immune responses. 
C)  genomes of RNA viruses are often chemically modified to avoid recognition by human immune cells. 
D)  the genomes of dsRNA viruses must avoid human immune cells during infection, including replicating their genomes within their own nucleocapsids. 
A)  dsRNA viruses rarely infect humans. 
B)  dsRNA viruses quickly transcribe their genes into mRNA which is insensitive to immune responses. 
C)  genomes of RNA viruses are often chemically modified to avoid recognition by human immune cells. 
D)  the genomes of dsRNA viruses must avoid human immune cells during infection, including replicating their genomes within their own nucleocapsids.

Question 15

Why is so much emphasis placed on the genomic composition (e.g.,ssRNA,dsDNA)of individual viruses.Provide examples to support your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should highlight t

Question 16

Which feature,if changed,would NOT abolish M13's utility as a cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

A)  ssDNA genome becoming a dsDNA genome 
B)  loss of genes that make coat proteins 
C)  replacing the segment of non-coding DNA in its genome with an indispensible gene 
D)  switch from lysogenic to lytic lifestyle 
A)  ssDNA genome becoming a dsDNA genome 
B)  loss of genes that make coat proteins 
C)  replacing the segment of non-coding DNA in its genome with an indispensible gene 
D)  switch from lysogenic to lytic lifestyle

Question 17

To date,no virus that infects Archaea is known to have an RNA genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In designing a drug to inhibit pox viruses,the compound should localize in the host's ________ to be MOST effective.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  cytoplasm 
D)  Golgi complex 
A)  nucleus 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  cytoplasm 
D)  Golgi complex

Question 19

How are T7 genes transcribed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Host RNA polymerase is modified to recognize the T7 promoter. 
B)  Host RNA polymerase directly translates the T7 genes. 
C)  T7 has its own RNA polymerase, which is packaged in its capsid and injected into the host during infection to transcribe T7 genes. 
D)  T7 has its own RNA polymerase, which must first be synthesized by the host. 
A)  Host RNA polymerase is modified to recognize the T7 promoter. 
B)  Host RNA polymerase directly translates the T7 genes. 
C)  T7 has its own RNA polymerase, which is packaged in its capsid and injected into the host during infection to transcribe T7 genes. 
D)  T7 has its own RNA polymerase, which must first be synthesized by the host.

Question 20

Some virus shapes that infect members of Archaea are unique from other viruses that infect eukaryotes and bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Viral Genomes and Diversity

Among the largest RNA genome viruses are ________ which contain a ________ genome.

Varied transcription mechanisms distinguish the different DNA virus Baltimore classes,whereas varied translational mechanisms distinguish RNA viruses.

To promote the translational activity of ribosomes in human cells for synthesizing viral proteins during viral infection,viruses

In T7,the proteins that inhibit the host restriction system are synthesized

Viruses are known to infect Bacteria,but no virus has yet been found that infects Archaea.

How could overlapping genes in a positive ssDNA virus genome be predicted?

A bacteriophage that lacks its proteinaceous capsid structure is also called a viroid.

Identifying proteases being essential for replication of a virus would suggest the virus

Viruses that infect the hyperthermophilic Archaea tend to contain genomes that are composed of

Many human-infecting viruses that illicit a strong immune response cause additional harmful effects on humans,so the discovery of a virus that can induce an immune response but not cause harm made it attractive for vaccine development.

Knowing the genome of Mu bacteriophage now enables researchers to locate where it incorporates into bacterial genomes.

Mu is a ________ virus with a ________ tail.

Of the phage listed below,which creates mutations in its host genome via transposition?

As a consequence of the immune system in humans recognizing dsRNA as foreign,

Why is so much emphasis placed on the genomic composition (e.g.,ssRNA,dsDNA)of individual viruses.Provide examples to support your explanation.

Which feature,if changed,would NOT abolish M13's utility as a cloning vector?

To date,no virus that infects Archaea is known to have an RNA genome.

In designing a drug to inhibit pox viruses,the compound should localize in the host's ________ to be MOST effective.

How are T7 genes transcribed?

Some virus shapes that infect members of Archaea are unique from other viruses that infect eukaryotes and bacteria.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

Among the largest RNA genome viruses are which contain a genome.

Mu is a virus with a tail.