Question 1

What role does the C domain play in cell surface proteins that interact directly with antigens?

Accepted Answer

C domains provide structural integrity for the antigen-binding molecules,attach V domains to the cytoplasmic membrane,and give each protein its characteristic shape.C domains also provide recognition sites for accessory molecules.

Question 2

Cytokines produced by lymphocytes are often called

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukins. 
B)  pathogen recognition receptors. 
C)  chemokines. 
D)  epitopes. 
A)  interleukins. 
B)  pathogen recognition receptors. 
C)  chemokines. 
D)  epitopes. A

Question 3

Communication between cells of the immune system is accomplished in many cases through

Accepted Answer

A)  allelic exclusion. 
B)  clonal deletion. 
C)  cytokines. 
D)  allelic exclusion, clonal deletion, and cytokines. 
A)  allelic exclusion. 
B)  clonal deletion. 
C)  cytokines. 
D)  allelic exclusion, clonal deletion, and cytokines. C

Question 4

Selection against self-reactive clones results in the development of tolerance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Immunoglobulin,TCR,and MHC proteins share structural features and have evolved by duplication and selection of primordial antigen receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Antigen receptors can directly connect to signal transduction pathways because immunoglobulins and TCRs have very small cytoplasmic domains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following are soluble mediators and activators for T lymphocytes and B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  IL-2 
B)  IL-4 
C)  IL-5 
D)  IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 
A)  IL-2 
B)  IL-4 
C)  IL-5 
D)  IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5

Question 8

Antibodies consist of four polypeptides,________ heavy chains,and ________ light chains.

Accepted Answer

A)  one / three 
B)  two / two 
C)  three / one 
D)  four / four 
A)  one / three 
B)  two / two 
C)  three / one 
D)  four / four

Question 9

Describe the signal transduction pathway that is activated when LPS binds to TLR-4.

Accepted Answer

After LPS binds to TLR-4,TLR-4 then bind

Question 10

The clonal selection theory states that each antigen-reactive B cell or T cell has a cell surface receptor for a single antigen epitope.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)proteins,antibodies,and T cell receptors are all highly variable so that they can interact with a large number of different antigens.How is variability generated for each of these important antigen-binding proteins?

Accepted Answer

MHC proteins are polygenic.Three differe

Question 12

Class II MHC proteins have grooves with

Accepted Answer

A)  closed ends. 
B)  open ends. 
C)  both open and closed ends. 
D)  neither open nor closed ends. 
A)  closed ends. 
B)  open ends. 
C)  both open and closed ends. 
D)  neither open nor closed ends.

Question 13

Chemokines are a group of small proteins that

Accepted Answer

A)  attract T cells to sites of injury. 
B)  function as chemoattractants for phagocytes and lymphocytes. 
C)  potentiate specific immune responses. 
D)  attract T cells, phagocytes, and lymphocytes, as well as potentiate specific immune responses. 
A)  attract T cells to sites of injury. 
B)  function as chemoattractants for phagocytes and lymphocytes. 
C)  potentiate specific immune responses. 
D)  attract T cells, phagocytes, and lymphocytes, as well as potentiate specific immune responses.

Question 14

Which of the following is/are MHC class I genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA-A 
B)  HLA-B 
C)  HLA-C 
D)  HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C 
A)  HLA-A 
B)  HLA-B 
C)  HLA-C 
D)  HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C

Question 15

After a B cell is activated,it no longer needs T cell interactions or cytokines to make antibody.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The arrangement of Class II MHC proteins in pairs or trimers enhances their stability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The PAMP recognized by mannose-binding lectin (MBL)is the sugar mannose,found as a repeating subunit in

Accepted Answer

A)  human mucus. 
B)  lymphocyte receptors. 
C)  bacterial and fungal polysaccharides. 
D)  bacterial peptidoglycan. 
A)  human mucus. 
B)  lymphocyte receptors. 
C)  bacterial and fungal polysaccharides. 
D)  bacterial peptidoglycan.

Question 18

The peptides bound by a single MHC protein share a common

Accepted Answer

A)  C domain. 
B)  peptide motif. 
C)  V domain. 
D)  nucleotide sequence. 
A)  C domain. 
B)  peptide motif. 
C)  V domain. 
D)  nucleotide sequence.

Question 19

The occurrence of multiple alleles at a specific locus is called

Accepted Answer

A)  signal transduction. 
B)  the variable domain. 
C)  polymorphism. 
D)  allelic exclusion. 
A)  signal transduction. 
B)  the variable domain. 
C)  polymorphism. 
D)  allelic exclusion.

Question 20

TCRs associate with the adapter molecule

Accepted Answer

A)  CD3. 
B)  CD28. 
C)  Igα. 
D)  Igβ. 
A)  CD3. 
B)  CD28. 
C)  Igα. 
D)  Igβ.

Exam 26: Molecular Immunology

What role does the C domain play in cell surface proteins that interact directly with antigens?

Cytokines produced by lymphocytes are often called

Communication between cells of the immune system is accomplished in many cases through

Selection against self-reactive clones results in the development of tolerance.

Immunoglobulin,TCR,and MHC proteins share structural features and have evolved by duplication and selection of primordial antigen receptors.

Antigen receptors can directly connect to signal transduction pathways because immunoglobulins and TCRs have very small cytoplasmic domains.

Which of the following are soluble mediators and activators for T lymphocytes and B cells?

Antibodies consist of four polypeptides,________ heavy chains,and ________ light chains.

Describe the signal transduction pathway that is activated when LPS binds to TLR-4.

The clonal selection theory states that each antigen-reactive B cell or T cell has a cell surface receptor for a single antigen epitope.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)proteins,antibodies,and T cell receptors are all highly variable so that they can interact with a large number of different antigens.How is variability generated for each of these important antigen-binding proteins?

Class II MHC proteins have grooves with

Chemokines are a group of small proteins that

Which of the following is/are MHC class I genes?

After a B cell is activated,it no longer needs T cell interactions or cytokines to make antibody.

The arrangement of Class II MHC proteins in pairs or trimers enhances their stability.

The PAMP recognized by mannose-binding lectin (MBL)is the sugar mannose,found as a repeating subunit in

The peptides bound by a single MHC protein share a common

The occurrence of multiple alleles at a specific locus is called

TCRs associate with the adapter molecule

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Antibodies consist of four polypeptides, heavy chains,and light chains.