Question 1

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Fusobacterium spp.

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color E

Question 2

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Pigmented Prevotella

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color C

Question 3

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative coccus is:

Accepted Answer

A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Veillonella. 
C) Leptotrichia. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Veillonella. 
C) Leptotrichia. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. B

Question 4

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that produces spores is:

Accepted Answer

A) Bifidobacterium. 
B) Eubacterium. 
C) Eggerthella. 
D) Clostridium. 
A) Bifidobacterium. 
B) Eubacterium. 
C) Eggerthella. 
D) Clostridium.

Question 5

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that is a very large fusiform bacillus with one pointed end and one blunt end is:

Accepted Answer

A) Eubacterium. 
B) Veillonella. 
C) Leptotrichia. 
D) Propionibacterium. 
A) Eubacterium. 
B) Veillonella. 
C) Leptotrichia. 
D) Propionibacterium.

Question 6

The most likely identification of an anaerobic,curved,gram-variable bacillus with tapered ends on Gram stain of vaginal secretions when vaginosis is suggested is:

Accepted Answer

A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Actinomyces. 
C) Mobiluncus. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Actinomyces. 
C) Mobiluncus. 
D) Fusobacterium spp.

Question 7

The most likely identification of kanamycin-sensitive and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that fluoresce a chartreuse color is:

Accepted Answer

A) Fusobacterium spp. 
B) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
C) B.ureolyticus. 
D) Porphyromonas spp. 
A) Fusobacterium spp. 
B) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
C) B.ureolyticus. 
D) Porphyromonas spp.

Question 8

A diabetic patient has developed gas gangrene of the right foot.The most likely anaerobe causing this infection is:

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium tetani. 
B) Clostridium perfringens. 
C) Clostridium botulinum. 
D) Clostridium difficile. 
A) Clostridium tetani. 
B) Clostridium perfringens. 
C) Clostridium botulinum. 
D) Clostridium difficile.

Question 9

Quality control is set up on a new lot of an indole reagent.Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium bolteae are used,and the following results are obtained:
· C)bifermentans: positive
· C)bolteae: negative
Which one of the following statements explains this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A) The reagent is most likely expired. 
B) The incubation time is most likely abbreviated. 
C) These two organisms are poor choices;both are indole-positive. 
D) No discrepancy is present.The results obtained are correct. 
A) The reagent is most likely expired. 
B) The incubation time is most likely abbreviated. 
C) These two organisms are poor choices;both are indole-positive. 
D) No discrepancy is present.The results obtained are correct.

Question 10

The most likely identification of a bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is:

Accepted Answer

A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D) pigmented Prevotella. 
A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D) pigmented Prevotella.

Question 11

The ethanol shock or heat shock test will separate which two bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) C.perfringens and Clostridium ramosum 
B) Clostridium and Bifidobacterium 
C) Actinomyces and Bifidobacterium 
D) Eubacterium and Eggerthella 
A) C.perfringens and Clostridium ramosum 
B) Clostridium and Bifidobacterium 
C) Actinomyces and Bifidobacterium 
D) Eubacterium and Eggerthella

Question 12

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-B.fragilis group

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 13

The most likely identification of a bile-resistant,kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is:

Accepted Answer

A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) B.fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) B.fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp.

Question 14

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Nonpigmented Prevotella

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 15

Incubation conditions for anaerobic cultures include:

Accepted Answer

A) 30°C to 35°C. 
B) incubation for 48 hours before exposing the culture to air. 
C) incubation for at least 3 days before discarding. 
D) aerobic incubation of the broth medium with the cap loose. 
A) 30°C to 35°C. 
B) incubation for 48 hours before exposing the culture to air. 
C) incubation for at least 3 days before discarding. 
D) aerobic incubation of the broth medium with the cap loose.

Question 16

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce brick red or has a brown-to-black-pigment is:

Accepted Answer

A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) B.fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) B.fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp.

Question 17

The primary plating medium used to select out Clostridia spp.would be:

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) laked kanamycin-vancomycin (LKV)blood agar. 
C) phenylethyl alcohol agar (PE
A) . 
D) thioglycollate. 
A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) laked kanamycin-vancomycin (LKV)blood agar. 
C) phenylethyl alcohol agar (PE
A) . 
D) thioglycollate.

Question 18

Fecal cultures to isolate Clostridium difficile are plated on:

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) LKV blood agar. 
C) aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCF
A) . 
A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) LKV blood agar. 
C) aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCF
A) .

Question 19

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Porphyromonas spp.

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate,and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin,and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 20

In a clinical specimen,sulfur granules strongly indicate the presence of which anaerobe?

Accepted Answer

A) Actinomyces spp. 
B) Bacteroides spp. 
C) Prevotella spp. 
D) Clostridia spp. 
A) Actinomyces spp. 
B) Bacteroides spp. 
C) Prevotella spp. 
D) Clostridia spp.

Exam 40: Laboratory Considerations

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Fusobacterium spp.

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Pigmented Prevotella

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative coccus is:

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that produces spores is:

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that is a very large fusiform bacillus with one pointed end and one blunt end is:

The most likely identification of an anaerobic,curved,gram-variable bacillus with tapered ends on Gram stain of vaginal secretions when vaginosis is suggested is:

The most likely identification of kanamycin-sensitive and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that fluoresce a chartreuse color is:

A diabetic patient has developed gas gangrene of the right foot.The most likely anaerobe causing this infection is:

Quality control is set up on a new lot of an indole reagent.Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium bolteae are used,and the following results are obtained: · C)bifermentans: positive · C)bolteae: negative Which one of the following statements explains this discrepancy?

The most likely identification of a bile-sensitive,kanamycin-resistant,catalase-negative,and indole-negative anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is:

The ethanol shock or heat shock test will separate which two bacteria?

Match the description to the most likely identification. -B.fragilis group

The most likely identification of a bile-resistant,kanamycin-resistant,colistin-resistant,and vancomycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is:

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Nonpigmented Prevotella

Incubation conditions for anaerobic cultures include:

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce brick red or has a brown-to-black-pigment is:

The primary plating medium used to select out Clostridia spp.would be:

Fecal cultures to isolate Clostridium difficile are plated on:

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Porphyromonas spp.

In a clinical specimen,sulfur granules strongly indicate the presence of which anaerobe?

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics, metabolism, and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Overview of Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria Corynebacterium and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Non-culturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Walldeficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Parasitology

Intestinal Protozoa

Blood and Tissue Protozoa

Protozoa From Other Body Sites

Intestinal Nematodes

Tissue Nematodes

Blood Nematodes

Intestinal Cestodes

Tissue Cestodes

Intestinal Trematodes

Liver and Lung Trematodes

Blood Trematodes

Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies

Hyaline Molds, Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunistic and Systemic Mycoses

Dematiaceious Molds

Opportunistic Atypical Fungus: Pjirovecii