Question 1

Proper storage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture includes:

Accepted Answer

A) refrigeration for up to 23 hours. 
B) freezing at 70°C. 
C) incubation at 35°C. 
D) freezing at temperatures above 70°C. 
A) refrigeration for up to 23 hours. 
B) freezing at 70°C. 
C) incubation at 35°C. 
D) freezing at temperatures above 70°C. C

Question 2

A collective term used for the three layers of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

Accepted Answer

A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater. 
A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater. B

Question 3

An increase of lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells (pleocytosis)in the CSF and negative bacterial and fungal cultures is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) pleocytosis. 
A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) pleocytosis. B

Question 4

Infection within the subarachnoid space or throughout the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) meningitis. 
A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) meningitis.

Question 5

An inflammation of the brain parenchyma that is usually a result of viral infection is:

Accepted Answer

A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) meningitis. 
A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) meningitis.

Question 6

The middle layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

Accepted Answer

A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater. 
A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater.

Question 7

A condition characterized by concomitant meningitis that occurs with encephalitis is called:

Accepted Answer

A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) pleocytosis. 
A) meningoencephalitis. 
B) aseptic meningitis. 
C) encephalitis. 
D) pleocytosis.

Question 8

Specialized secretory cells centrally located in the brain in the third and fourth ventricles that produce CSF are called the:

Accepted Answer

A) choroid plexus. 
B) ventricles. 
C) meninges. 
D) pia mater. 
A) choroid plexus. 
B) ventricles. 
C) meninges. 
D) pia mater.

Question 9

The large,fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the:

Accepted Answer

A) choroid plexus. 
B) ventricles. 
C) meninges. 
D) pia mater. 
A) choroid plexus. 
B) ventricles. 
C) meninges. 
D) pia mater.

Question 10

The innermost membrane layer surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

Accepted Answer

A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater. 
A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater.

Question 11

The outermost layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

Accepted Answer

A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater. 
A) dura mater. 
B) meninges. 
C) arachnoid. 
D) pia mater.

Question 12

The most common source(s)of infection in the central nervous system (CNS)is(are):

Accepted Answer

A) hematogenous spread. 
B) infections at other sites such as otitis media. 
C) organisms gaining access because of anatomic defects in CNS structures. 
D) bacteria that are able to travel along nerves leading to the brain. 
A) hematogenous spread. 
B) infections at other sites such as otitis media. 
C) organisms gaining access because of anatomic defects in CNS structures. 
D) bacteria that are able to travel along nerves leading to the brain.

Exam 69: Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Proper storage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture includes:

A collective term used for the three layers of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

An increase of lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells (pleocytosis)in the CSF and negative bacterial and fungal cultures is referred to as:

Infection within the subarachnoid space or throughout the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane is referred to as:

An inflammation of the brain parenchyma that is usually a result of viral infection is:

The middle layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

A condition characterized by concomitant meningitis that occurs with encephalitis is called:

Specialized secretory cells centrally located in the brain in the third and fourth ventricles that produce CSF are called the:

The large,fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the:

The innermost membrane layer surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

The outermost layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:

The most common source(s)of infection in the central nervous system (CNS)is(are):

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics, metabolism, and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Overview of Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria Corynebacterium and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Non-culturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Walldeficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Parasitology

Intestinal Protozoa

Blood and Tissue Protozoa

Protozoa From Other Body Sites

Intestinal Nematodes

Tissue Nematodes

Blood Nematodes

Intestinal Cestodes

Tissue Cestodes

Intestinal Trematodes

Liver and Lung Trematodes

Blood Trematodes

Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies

Hyaline Molds, Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunistic and Systemic Mycoses

Dematiaceious Molds

Opportunistic Atypical Fungus: Pjirovecii

The Yeasts

Anti-fungal Susceptibility Testing, therapy, and Prevention

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Virology

Viruses in Human Disease

Antiviral Therapy Susceptibility Testing and Prevention

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract