Question 1

Which class of antibody is the major type found in secretions?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM. 
E) IgD. 
A) IgA. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM. 
E) IgD.

Question 2

Tumour cells can evade the immune system by

Accepted Answer

A) changing their antigens over time. 
B) having antigens that are weak immunogens. 
C) secreting immunosuppressive substances. 
D) replicating very quickly. 
E) all of the above. 
A) changing their antigens over time. 
B) having antigens that are weak immunogens. 
C) secreting immunosuppressive substances. 
D) replicating very quickly. 
E) all of the above.

Question 3

Which of the following secrete antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) Mature T cells. 
B) Immature macrophages. 
C) Plasma cells. 
D) Precursors of B cells. 
E) Precursors of mast cells. 
A) Mature T cells. 
B) Immature macrophages. 
C) Plasma cells. 
D) Precursors of B cells. 
E) Precursors of mast cells.

Question 4

An important innate defence mechanism in the urinary tract is/are

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies. 
B) glomerular filtration. 
C) normal urine flow. 
D) lymphocytes. 
E) all of the above. 
A) antibodies. 
B) glomerular filtration. 
C) normal urine flow. 
D) lymphocytes. 
E) all of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following is a part of the body's innate defences?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysozyme. 
B) Mucopolysaccharide. 
C) Sweat. 
D) Fatty acid. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Lysozyme. 
B) Mucopolysaccharide. 
C) Sweat. 
D) Fatty acid. 
E) All of the above.

Question 6

B lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

A) differentiate into antibody-producing cells. 
B) originate in the spleen. 
C) are activated by neutrophils in an immune response. 
D) mature in the thymus. 
E) function in cell-mediated immunity. 
A) differentiate into antibody-producing cells. 
B) originate in the spleen. 
C) are activated by neutrophils in an immune response. 
D) mature in the thymus. 
E) function in cell-mediated immunity.

Question 7

An autoimmune disease represents a loss of

Accepted Answer

A) T helper cells. 
B) B cells. 
C) tolerance to self-antigens. 
D) antigen-presenting cells. 
E) mechanisms for antibody production. 
A) T helper cells. 
B) B cells. 
C) tolerance to self-antigens. 
D) antigen-presenting cells. 
E) mechanisms for antibody production.

Question 8

The main phagocytic cells in the body are

Accepted Answer

A) monocytes and lymphocytes. 
B) macrophages and lymphocytes. 
C) neutrophils and basophils. 
D) macrophages and neutrophils. 
E) macrophages and natural killer (NK)cells. 
A) monocytes and lymphocytes. 
B) macrophages and lymphocytes. 
C) neutrophils and basophils. 
D) macrophages and neutrophils. 
E) macrophages and natural killer (NK)cells.

Question 9

Anaphylaxis is

Accepted Answer

A) due to the presence of autoantibodies. 
B) an immune complex reaction. 
C) a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. 
D) a systemic allergic reaction. 
E) a type of immunodeficiency. 
A) due to the presence of autoantibodies. 
B) an immune complex reaction. 
C) a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. 
D) a systemic allergic reaction. 
E) a type of immunodeficiency.

Question 10

Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)proteins are

Accepted Answer

A) found only on leucocytes. 
B) coded for by the major histocompatibility complex. 
C) produced by the immune system following organ transplantation. 
D) the main targets in autoimmune responses. 
E) completely different in all individuals. 
A) found only on leucocytes. 
B) coded for by the major histocompatibility complex. 
C) produced by the immune system following organ transplantation. 
D) the main targets in autoimmune responses. 
E) completely different in all individuals.

Question 11

The B cell antigen receptor is

Accepted Answer

A) a cytokine. 
B) an antigen. 
C) a complement molecule. 
D) CD4+ molecule. 
E) an antibody molecule. 
A) a cytokine. 
B) an antigen. 
C) a complement molecule. 
D) CD4+ molecule. 
E) an antibody molecule.

Question 12

Reaction of antigen with IgE-sensitised mast cells causes

Accepted Answer

A) precipitation. 
B) complement activation. 
C) delayed hypersensitivity. 
D) agglutination. 
E) allergic reaction. 
A) precipitation. 
B) complement activation. 
C) delayed hypersensitivity. 
D) agglutination. 
E) allergic reaction.

Question 13

An antigen is

Accepted Answer

A) any component of a foreign cell. 
B) a foreign substance that activates the immune system. 
C) a protein molecule synthesised by plasma cells. 
D) a virulence factor of a bacterium that enables it to cause disease. 
E) a gammaglobulin. 
A) any component of a foreign cell. 
B) a foreign substance that activates the immune system. 
C) a protein molecule synthesised by plasma cells. 
D) a virulence factor of a bacterium that enables it to cause disease. 
E) a gammaglobulin.

Question 14

Which of the following enable immune cells to communicate with each other?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies. 
B) Complement. 
C) Opsonins. 
D) Phagolysosomes. 
E) Cytokines. 
A) Antibodies. 
B) Complement. 
C) Opsonins. 
D) Phagolysosomes. 
E) Cytokines.

Question 15

Interferons are

Accepted Answer

A) released from virus-infected cells to protect other cells from infection. 
B) released from activated T-lymphocytes in a cell-mediated immune response to infection. 
C) not virus specific. 
D) produced by a variety of different cell types. 
E) all of the above. 
A) released from virus-infected cells to protect other cells from infection. 
B) released from activated T-lymphocytes in a cell-mediated immune response to infection. 
C) not virus specific. 
D) produced by a variety of different cell types. 
E) all of the above.

Question 16

An example of an autoimmune disease is

Accepted Answer

A) hay fever. 
B) asthma. 
C) rheumatic fever. 
D) AIDS. 
E) all of the above. 
A) hay fever. 
B) asthma. 
C) rheumatic fever. 
D) AIDS. 
E) all of the above.

Question 17

An attenuated vaccine consists of

Accepted Answer

A) killed microorganisms. 
B) live microorganisms. 
C) inactivated toxins. 
D) parts of microorganisms. 
E) any of the above. 
A) killed microorganisms. 
B) live microorganisms. 
C) inactivated toxins. 
D) parts of microorganisms. 
E) any of the above.

Question 18

Toxoids are

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies against toxins. 
B) lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. 
C) proteins that don't stimulate the immune system. 
D) inactivated toxins that are immunogenic. 
E) the active components of all vaccines. 
A) antibodies against toxins. 
B) lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. 
C) proteins that don't stimulate the immune system. 
D) inactivated toxins that are immunogenic. 
E) the active components of all vaccines.

Question 19

The role of opsonins in the human body is to

Accepted Answer

A) enhance phagocytosis. 
B) cause bacterial cells to burst. 
C) neutralise toxins. 
D) inactivate viruses. 
E) reduce adherence of antigens to phagocytes. 
A) enhance phagocytosis. 
B) cause bacterial cells to burst. 
C) neutralise toxins. 
D) inactivate viruses. 
E) reduce adherence of antigens to phagocytes.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an immunodeficiency condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Suppression of the bone marrow. 
B) Complement deficiency. 
C) Improper development of the thymus gland. 
D) Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. 
E) Infection with HIV. 
A) Suppression of the bone marrow. 
B) Complement deficiency. 
C) Improper development of the thymus gland. 
D) Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. 
E) Infection with HIV.

Exam 9: The Bodys Defence Systems

Which class of antibody is the major type found in secretions?

Tumour cells can evade the immune system by

Which of the following secrete antibodies?

An important innate defence mechanism in the urinary tract is/are

Which of the following is a part of the body's innate defences?

B lymphocytes

An autoimmune disease represents a loss of

The main phagocytic cells in the body are

Anaphylaxis is

Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)proteins are

The B cell antigen receptor is

Reaction of antigen with IgE-sensitised mast cells causes

An antigen is

Which of the following enable immune cells to communicate with each other?

Interferons are

An example of an autoimmune disease is

An attenuated vaccine consists of

Toxoids are

The role of opsonins in the human body is to

Which of the following is NOT an immunodeficiency condition?

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Bacteria

Genes and Biotechnology

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

Pathogenic Mechanisms and Evasion Strategies of Microorganisms

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

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