Exam 20: Basic Elements of Control
Briefly describe how controls are classified according to level.Give examples of each type.
Controls are classified according to level as follows:
1. Administrative Controls: These controls are implemented through policies, procedures, and guidelines. They are designed to manage and reduce risk by controlling the behavior of individuals within an organization. Examples include security awareness training, access control policies, and employee background checks.
2. Technical Controls: These controls are implemented through technology and automation. They are designed to protect systems and data from unauthorized access and misuse. Examples include firewalls, encryption, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems.
3. Physical Controls: These controls are implemented through physical measures to protect assets, facilities, and resources. They are designed to prevent unauthorized access and protect against theft, damage, or loss. Examples include locks, security cameras, access control systems, and biometric scanners.
Each type of control plays a critical role in managing and reducing risk within an organization, and a combination of all three types is often necessary to provide comprehensive protection.
A(n)____________________ is a plan expressed in numerical terms.
budget
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective controls?
C
Politicians transform information from many sources into decisions about policies for the area they govern.When politicians follow poll results during legislative debate,the politicians are using ____ control.
____________________ is the regulation of organizational activities in such a way as to facilitate goal attainment.
A target against which subsequent performance will be compared is a(n)____________________.
A properly designed control system can help management anticipate,monitor,and respond to changing circumstances.
At the end of the control process there are three possible courses of action.Describe them.
Would you rather work in a company with bureaucratic or decentralized control? Why?
A(n)____ ratio is a measure of the firm's ability to meet its long-term financial obligations.
A production manager argues that the increase in absenteeism is caused by decreased recruiting and placement standards.The argument is supported by personnel documents.This is an example of
____ ratios assess the ease with which the assets of the organization can be converted into cash.
The credit crisis and the Federal Reserve's response to it faced criticism from Congress.The Treasury Department requested a review of the central bank's structure and governance.There is now broad support for auditing the Fed using the Government Accountability Office.The change in the economic and political environment of the Fed means the Fed needs to adapt its ____ control.
An operating budget is a budget that determines the number of units to be produced during the coming time period.
After comparing performance against control standards managers should never change the standard.
Audits are independent appraisals of an organization's ____________________ and operating systems.
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