Exam 3: Extension D: Human Development

The limits that one's environment places on the effects of heredity is referred to as the reaction range.

Problems or defects that originate during prenatal development in the mother's womb are called ____________________ problems.

According to Kübler-Ross, the generally-accepted order of emotional reactions in preparing for death is anger, depression, bargaining, denial and isolation, and acceptance.

After reviewing many studies, psychologist Elizabeth Gershoff concluded that parents should minimize spanking or avoid it entirely.

According to Piaget, full adult intellectual ability is attained during the ____________________ stage, so that older adolescents are capable of both inductive and deductive reasoning and can understand physics, philosophy, psychology, and other abstract systems.

Describe the three attachment styles identified by Mary Ainsworth.

According to Piaget, when a person uses existing mental patterns in new situations, this person is using the process of ____________________.

Emma is used to riding her own bicycle.She decides to ride her brother's bike, which is slightly larger.According to Piaget, Emma must use accommodation in order to make the changes necessary to ride her brother's bike.

A psychologist explaining differences between two individuals in terms of activity levels, irritability, and distractibility is describing aspects of ____________________.

Studies by Bridges suggest that anger is the only emotion that newborn infants clearly express.

According to research in social development, most infants have to be at least 18 months of age before they are able to recognize their images being shown on a television.

As a person gets older, there is a gradual loss of ____________________ abilities, which are those skills requiring speed or rapid learning.

Explain how parents and teachers can utilize Vygotsky's ideas to help children to become more skillful learners.

According to Meltzoff's research, infants as young as 20 days can imitate an adult sticking out his or her tongue.

Discrimination or prejudice on the basis of age is called ____________________.

Several elementary, junior high, and high school students are presented with a moral dilemma involving a young man whose best friend asks him to help him cheat on the upcoming history test.Using Kohlberg's theory, explain the level each of the different age students would most likely be in and how each might respond to this dilemma.

____________________ is the biologically defined period during which a person matures sexually and becomes capable of reproduction.

Describe a young child's language development from his or her use of crying to gain attention at one month to his or her use of telegraphic speech.

You are about to start your first teaching job as a fourth grade teacher.Using Erikson's theory, describe the psychosocial dilemma that most of your students will be facing.

According to Gould, around the age of 30 many people experience a minor life crisis in which they tend to ask themselves, "Is this it?" in regards to their previous life choices.