Exam 15: Extension D: Therapies

If ignoring a child's temper tantrums causes them to cease, a psychologist would call this effect negative reinforcement.

Explain how aversion therapy and systematic desensitization are both based on classical conditioning.

Adapting traditional theories and techniques to meet the needs of clients from non-European ethnic and racial groups and treating members of racial and ethnic communities as individuals are abilities exhibited by ____________________ therapists.

Denny, a 17-year-old college student, is playing online poker and believes that his losses must be followed by wins, so he doubles his bet.Denny is exhibiting the cognitive distortion known as the gambler's fallacy.

The American Psychological Association urges media psychologists to discuss problems in a general manner, instead of counseling.

____________________ allows the client and therapist to see and talk with each other over long distances through a two-way audio-video link, although it still lacks the close personal contact of face-to-face interaction.

Lee Ann's ____________________ psychotherapist draws attention to Lee Ann's posture, voice, and gestures in order to help Lee Ann to become fully aware of her feelings and "take care of unfinished business."

Usually the most effective token economies are those that gradually switch from tokens to social rewards.

____________________ is the reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions that has resulted in many former patients being homeless or repeatedly jailed.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy attributes negative emotions to ____________________.

In ____________________ therapy, the clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems, while the therapist assists, but does not guide or give advice.

Commercial telephone and Internet therapists have to be credentialed and licensed just like face-to-face therapists as well as holding licensure in all 50 states in the U.S.and in Canada.

Your friend is going through a break-up with her boyfriend of several years.Describe how you can best counsel your friend.

Since cognitive and behavioral therapies directly change troublesome thoughts and actions, these therapies would be considered insight therapies.

Personal empowerment is the strength of existential therapy, while a focus on one's immediate awareness is the strength of Gestalt therapy.

During self-directed desensitization, when one reaches a card that cannot be visualized without becoming tense in three attempts, one skips this card and proceeds to the next one.

Humane treatment for the mentally ill was brought about by the work of Pinel, who literally unchained the "patients" in European asylums in 1793.

_____________________ is a type of psychosurgery that involves disconnecting the frontal sections of the cortex from other areas of the brain.

During the Middle Ages, the treatment for abnormal behavior was exorcism, which often involved physical torture in order to "cast out the evil spirits."

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) would most likely be used as a last resort treatment for severe ____________________, when it does not respond to any other treatment.