Question 1

Shaping is defined as the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Kelly is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Kelly has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Kelly is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Kelly's motivation for taking the class?

Accepted Answer

A) She has a high need for power. 
B) She is intrinsically motivated. 
C) She has a high need for affiliation. 
D) She is not serious about her career. 
E) She sees the potential that a degree in religion studies can help her advance in her job. 
A) She has a high need for power. 
B) She is intrinsically motivated. 
C) She has a high need for affiliation. 
D) She is not serious about her career. 
E) She sees the potential that a degree in religion studies can help her advance in her job.

Question 3

Recipients of feedback perceive it to be more accurate when they passively receive feedback.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A chief chef of a restaurant always encouraged his subordinates to be creative in the culinary art. He did not believe in using prescribed recipes while cooking. He allowed them to create unique recipes and use different ingredients to prepare dishes. This implies that the chief chef made _____ goals.

Accepted Answer

A) learning 
B) procedural 
C) justice 
D) equity 
E) performance outcome 
A) learning 
B) procedural 
C) justice 
D) equity 
E) performance outcome

Question 5

_____ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

Accepted Answer

A) Positive reinforcement 
B) Negative reinforcement 
C) Punishment 
D) Extinction 
E) Intermittent reinforcement 
A) Positive reinforcement 
B) Negative reinforcement 
C) Punishment 
D) Extinction 
E) Intermittent reinforcement

Question 6

The three steps of the goal-setting process are setting goals, promoting goal commitment, and providing support and feedback.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A student who works hard on a project because of praise and recognition from the instructor is responding to positive reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to operant theory, extinction is the weakening of a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which step in the goal-setting program lets employees participate in setting their own goals, creating their own action plans, and building goal ladders?

Accepted Answer

A) Setting goals 
B) Promoting goal commitment 
C) Providing support 
D) Assigning goals 
E) Providing feedback 
A) Setting goals 
B) Promoting goal commitment 
C) Providing support 
D) Assigning goals 
E) Providing feedback

Question 10

_____ is Skinner's term for unlearned stimulus-response reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A) Operant behavior 
B) Respondent behavior 
C) Response to stimuli 
D) Punishment 
E) Behavioral contingency 
A) Operant behavior 
B) Respondent behavior 
C) Response to stimuli 
D) Punishment 
E) Behavioral contingency

Question 11

Punishment is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7% of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can use the bonus money as a down payment on a new car for herself. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) It comes from a sense of competence. 
B) It comes from a sense of progress. 
C) It is a consequence of job redesign. 
D) It is intrinsically motivated. 
E) It is extrinsically motivated. 
A) It comes from a sense of competence. 
B) It comes from a sense of progress. 
C) It is a consequence of job redesign. 
D) It is intrinsically motivated. 
E) It is extrinsically motivated.

Question 13

The three general criteria for the distribution of rewards are: performance: results, performance: actions and behaviors, and nonperformance considerations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is a desired outcome of the performance improvement cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Motivation 
B) Persistent effort 
C) Abilities 
D) Job design 
E) Job knowledge 
A) Motivation 
B) Persistent effort 
C) Abilities 
D) Job design 
E) Job knowledge

Question 15

Reinforcement in ratio schedules is contingent on the number of responses observed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to the concept of building blocks, leading for choice involves:

Accepted Answer

A) inspiring employees and modeling desired behaviors. 
B) empowering employees and delegating meaningful assignments and tasks. 
C) supporting and coaching employees. 
D) carefully selecting employees with the right attitude. 
E) monitoring and rewarding employees. 
A) inspiring employees and modeling desired behaviors. 
B) empowering employees and delegating meaningful assignments and tasks. 
C) supporting and coaching employees. 
D) carefully selecting employees with the right attitude. 
E) monitoring and rewarding employees.

Question 17

Polly worked as a bartender. A few people used to wave money toward her so that she would serve them first. She used to find this to be rude and hence, either ignored them or always served them last. People realized that she serves only the people who wait politely, and then their rude behavior stopped. This implies that Polly used the model of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) variable ratio reinforcement 
D) extinction 
E) shaping 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) variable ratio reinforcement 
D) extinction 
E) shaping

Question 18

Explain the differences between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement is the process of

Question 19

The _____ criterion for reward distribution focuses on tangible outcomes such as individual, group, or organization performance, or quantity and quality of performance.

Accepted Answer

A) performance: results 
B) performance: traits 
C) performance: actions and behaviors 
D) nonperformance considerations 
E) customary considerations 
A) performance: results 
B) performance: traits 
C) performance: actions and behaviors 
D) nonperformance considerations 
E) customary considerations

Question 20

Skinner used the term operant behavior to describe unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Shaping is defined as the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior.

Recipients of feedback perceive it to be more accurate when they passively receive feedback.

_____ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

The three steps of the goal-setting process are setting goals, promoting goal commitment, and providing support and feedback.

A student who works hard on a project because of praise and recognition from the instructor is responding to positive reinforcement.

According to operant theory, extinction is the weakening of a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced.

Which step in the goal-setting program lets employees participate in setting their own goals, creating their own action plans, and building goal ladders?

_____ is Skinner's term for unlearned stimulus-response reflexes.

Punishment is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

The three general criteria for the distribution of rewards are: performance: results, performance: actions and behaviors, and nonperformance considerations.

Which of the following is a desired outcome of the performance improvement cycle?

Reinforcement in ratio schedules is contingent on the number of responses observed.

According to the concept of building blocks, leading for choice involves:

Explain the differences between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.

The _____ criterion for reward distribution focuses on tangible outcomes such as individual, group, or organization performance, or quantity and quality of performance.

Skinner used the term operant behavior to describe unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections.

Organizational Behavior: The Quest for People-Centered Organizations and Ethical Conduct

Managing Diversity: Releasing Every Employees Potential

Organizational Culture, Socialization, and Mentoring

International OB: Managing Across Cultures

Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, and Counter-Productive Work Behaviors

Social Perception and Attributions

Foundations of Motivation

Group Dynamics

Developing and Leading Effective Teams

Individual and Group Decision Making

Managing Conflict and Negotiating

Communicating in the Digital Age

Influence, Empowerment, and Politics

Leadership

Organizational Design, Effectiveness, and Innovation

Managing Change and Stress

Filters

Exam 9: Improving Job Performance With Goals, Feedback, Rewards, and Positive Reinforcement

Shaping is defined as the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior.

Recipients of feedback perceive it to be more accurate when they passively receive feedback.

_____ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

The three steps of the goal-setting process are setting goals, promoting goal commitment, and providing support and feedback.

A student who works hard on a project because of praise and recognition from the instructor is responding to positive reinforcement.

According to operant theory, extinction is the weakening of a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced.

Which step in the goal-setting program lets employees participate in setting their own goals, creating their own action plans, and building goal ladders?

_____ is Skinner's term for unlearned stimulus-response reflexes.

Punishment is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

The three general criteria for the distribution of rewards are: performance: results, performance: actions and behaviors, and nonperformance considerations.

Which of the following is a desired outcome of the performance improvement cycle?

Reinforcement in ratio schedules is contingent on the number of responses observed.

According to the concept of building blocks, leading for choice involves:

Explain the differences between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.

The _____ criterion for reward distribution focuses on tangible outcomes such as individual, group, or organization performance, or quantity and quality of performance.

Skinner used the term operant behavior to describe unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections.

Organizational Behavior: The Quest for People-Centered Organizations and Ethical Conduct

Managing Diversity: Releasing Every Employees Potential

Organizational Culture, Socialization, and Mentoring

International OB: Managing Across Cultures

Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, and Counter-Productive Work Behaviors

Social Perception and Attributions

Foundations of Motivation

Group Dynamics

Developing and Leading Effective Teams

Individual and Group Decision Making

Managing Conflict and Negotiating

Communicating in the Digital Age

Influence, Empowerment, and Politics

Leadership

Organizational Design, Effectiveness, and Innovation

Managing Change and Stress

Filters