Question 1

Eutrophication can be caused by excess accumulation of which of the following in a body of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  nitrogen or carbon 
D)  nitrogen or phosphorous 
E)  carbon 
A)  phosphorus 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  nitrogen or carbon 
D)  nitrogen or phosphorous 
E)  carbon

Question 2

When two or more species vie for the same limited resource,_____ occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  competition 
B)  succession 
C)  stotting 
D)  symbiosis 
E)  coevolution 
A)  competition 
B)  succession 
C)  stotting 
D)  symbiosis 
E)  coevolution

Question 3

_____ states that two species cannot coexist indefinitely in the same niche.

Accepted Answer

A)  Endosymbiotic theory 
B)  Co-inclusion principle 
C)  Competitive exclusion principle 
D)  Zonal exclusion theory 
E)  Second law of thermodynamics 
A)  Endosymbiotic theory 
B)  Co-inclusion principle 
C)  Competitive exclusion principle 
D)  Zonal exclusion theory 
E)  Second law of thermodynamics

Question 4

If there are 10,000 calories of net primary productivity in a field,how much on average will be available to a primary consumer?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 calories 
B)  1000 calories 
C)  1 calorie 
D)  10,000 calories 
E)  10 calories 
A)  100 calories 
B)  1000 calories 
C)  1 calorie 
D)  10,000 calories 
E)  10 calories

Question 5

An insect that resembles leaves is using _____ to avoid predation.

Accepted Answer

A)  camouflage 
B)  mimicry 
C)  warning coloration 
D)  mutualism 
E)  chemical defense 
A)  camouflage 
B)  mimicry 
C)  warning coloration 
D)  mutualism 
E)  chemical defense

Question 6

Raw sewage within a water ecosystem can kill fish because respiration by the microbes in the sewage reduces the concentration of oxygen within the water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Figuer:  
-What is the dependent variable in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of plants that died at 65°C 
B)  number of plants that died at 37°C 
C)  number of plants that could grow at 37°C 
D)  number of plants that could grow at 65°C 
A)  number of plants that died at 65°C 
B)  number of plants that died at 37°C 
C)  number of plants that could grow at 37°C 
D)  number of plants that could grow at 65°C

Question 8

Why are top-level predators like lions and eagles so rare in a community?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only a small amount of the energy is available to top trophic levels. 
B)  It is difficult for them to learn how to capture prey. 
C)  They do not breed as fast as other animals. 
D)  Their job is to keep the population size of other animals in check. 
E)  Because of predation by higher predators. 
A)  Only a small amount of the energy is available to top trophic levels. 
B)  It is difficult for them to learn how to capture prey. 
C)  They do not breed as fast as other animals. 
D)  Their job is to keep the population size of other animals in check. 
E)  Because of predation by higher predators.

Question 9

Carbon returns to the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  as carbon dioxide. 
B)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
C)  from respiration of plants. 
D)  from respiration of animals. 
E)  by the burning of fossil fuels. 
A)  as carbon dioxide. 
B)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
C)  from respiration of plants. 
D)  from respiration of animals. 
E)  by the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 10

Lichens live on the side of trees,getting better access to the sun,with no apparent harm to the tree.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  predation. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  herbivory. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  parasitism. 
A)  predation. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  herbivory. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  parasitism.

Question 11

An insect that resembles the face of a snake is using ___ to avoid predation.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical defense 
B)  camouflage 
C)  mutualism 
D)  warning coloration 
E)  mimicry 
A)  chemical defense 
B)  camouflage 
C)  mutualism 
D)  warning coloration 
E)  mimicry

Question 12

Some scientists predict that as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase,the pH of the oceans will drop,threatening coral and organisms with shells.What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide combines with water to form an acid. 
B)  As the pH of the ocean increases, more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. 
C)  As the pH of the ocean decreases, more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. 
D)  Carbon dioxide combines with water to form a base. 
E)  As the oceans warm, more water is evaporated, lowering the pH of the remaining water. 
A)  Carbon dioxide combines with water to form an acid. 
B)  As the pH of the ocean increases, more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. 
C)  As the pH of the ocean decreases, more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. 
D)  Carbon dioxide combines with water to form a base. 
E)  As the oceans warm, more water is evaporated, lowering the pH of the remaining water.

Question 13

The type of succession that occurs in an area where no community previously existed is _____ succession.

Accepted Answer

A)  keystone 
B)  tertiary 
C)  secondary 
D)  primary 
E)  climax 
A)  keystone 
B)  tertiary 
C)  secondary 
D)  primary 
E)  climax

Question 14

Abiotic components of an ecosystem include

Accepted Answer

A)  both living and nonliving components. 
B)  all components except animal life. 
C)  only animal life. 
D)  nonliving components only. 
E)  living components only. 
A)  both living and nonliving components. 
B)  all components except animal life. 
C)  only animal life. 
D)  nonliving components only. 
E)  living components only.

Question 15

The sea otter is an omnivore that makes up a small portion of the community by weight,yet strongly influences the health,dynamics,and diversity of the entire community of other oceanic species around it.This is an example of a _____ species.

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the answer choices are correct. 
B)  keystone 
C)  flagstone 
D)  capstone 
E)  cornerstone 
A)  None of the answer choices are correct. 
B)  keystone 
C)  flagstone 
D)  capstone 
E)  cornerstone

Question 16

Figuer:  
-What did the scientists conclude from the data shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants survived the heat best with virus-infected fungi. 
B)  Plants survived the heat best without fungi. 
C)  Plants survived the heat best with virus-free fungi. 
D)  Plants survived the heat best when not infected by the virus. 
E)  Plants survived the heat best when infected by the virus. 
A)  Plants survived the heat best with virus-infected fungi. 
B)  Plants survived the heat best without fungi. 
C)  Plants survived the heat best with virus-free fungi. 
D)  Plants survived the heat best when not infected by the virus. 
E)  Plants survived the heat best when infected by the virus.

Question 17

Biomagnification usually happens for chemicals that

Accepted Answer

A)  are not readily degraded. 
B)  dissolve in water. 
C)  are not readily degraded and dissolve in water. 
D)  are not readily degraded and do dissolve in fat. 
E)  dissolve in fat. 
A)  are not readily degraded. 
B)  dissolve in water. 
C)  are not readily degraded and dissolve in water. 
D)  are not readily degraded and do dissolve in fat. 
E)  dissolve in fat.

Question 18

Organisms that obtain their energy from producers or other consumers are

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophs. 
B)  producers. 
C)  autotrophs. 
D)  autotrophs and producers. 
E)  heterotrophs and producers. 
A)  heterotrophs. 
B)  producers. 
C)  autotrophs. 
D)  autotrophs and producers. 
E)  heterotrophs and producers.

Question 19

Lichens and mosses that can grow on and erode rock would be considered pioneer species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In _____,multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time.

Accepted Answer

A)  resource partitioning 
B)  intraspecific competition 
C)  mutualism 
D)  symbiotic inclusion 
E)  None of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  resource partitioning 
B)  intraspecific competition 
C)  mutualism 
D)  symbiotic inclusion 
E)  None of the answer choices are correct.

Exam 38: Communities and Ecosystems

Eutrophication can be caused by excess accumulation of which of the following in a body of water?

When two or more species vie for the same limited resource,_____ occurs.

_____ states that two species cannot coexist indefinitely in the same niche.

If there are 10,000 calories of net primary productivity in a field,how much on average will be available to a primary consumer?

An insect that resembles leaves is using _____ to avoid predation.

Raw sewage within a water ecosystem can kill fish because respiration by the microbes in the sewage reduces the concentration of oxygen within the water.

Figuer: -What is the dependent variable in this figure?

Why are top-level predators like lions and eagles so rare in a community?

Carbon returns to the atmosphere

Lichens live on the side of trees,getting better access to the sun,with no apparent harm to the tree.This is an example of

An insect that resembles the face of a snake is using ___ to avoid predation.

Some scientists predict that as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase,the pH of the oceans will drop,threatening coral and organisms with shells.What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

The type of succession that occurs in an area where no community previously existed is _____ succession.

Abiotic components of an ecosystem include

The sea otter is an omnivore that makes up a small portion of the community by weight,yet strongly influences the health,dynamics,and diversity of the entire community of other oceanic species around it.This is an example of a _____ species.

Figuer: -What did the scientists conclude from the data shown in the figure?

Biomagnification usually happens for chemicals that

Organisms that obtain their energy from producers or other consumers are

Lichens and mosses that can grow on and erode rock would be considered pioneer species.

In _____,multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time.

The Scientific Study of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Function

The Energy of Life

Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Energy

DNA Structure and Gene Function

DNA Replication, mitosis, and the Cell Cycle

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Technology

The Forces of Evolutionary Change

Evidence of Evolution

Speciation and Extinction

The Origin and History of Life

Viruses

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Plant Form and Function

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

The Nervous System

The Senses

The Endocrine System

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Circulatory System

The Respiratory System

Digestion and Nutrition

Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids

The Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Biomes

Preserving Biodiversity

Filters