Question 1

Which of the following is a role played by proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) structural 
B) transport 
C) information signaling 
D) catalysts 
E) all of the above 
A) structural 
B) transport 
C) information signaling 
D) catalysts 
E) all of the above E

Question 2

What functional groups are found in the following molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) amine, carboxylic acid and ketone 
B) amine, carboxylic acid and amide 
C) amine, aldehyde and amide 
D) amine, aldehyde and ketone 
E) none of the above 
A) amine, carboxylic acid and ketone 
B) amine, carboxylic acid and amide 
C) amine, aldehyde and amide 
D) amine, aldehyde and ketone 
E) none of the above B

Question 3

Originally, nucleic acids were thought to serve what role within a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) catalysts 
B) genetic 
C) structural 
D) buffer 
E) none of the above 
A) catalysts 
B) genetic 
C) structural 
D) buffer 
E) none of the above C

Question 4

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) a non-equilibrium, non-steady state 
B) a non-equilibrium steady state 
C) an equilibrium-controlled, non-steady state 
D) an equilibrium-controlled steady state 
E) none of the above 
A) a non-equilibrium, non-steady state 
B) a non-equilibrium steady state 
C) an equilibrium-controlled, non-steady state 
D) an equilibrium-controlled steady state 
E) none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is a polymer derived from glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose 
B) ribonucleic acid 
C) polypeptide 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid 
E) none of the above 
A) cellulose 
B) ribonucleic acid 
C) polypeptide 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid 
E) none of the above

Question 6

Which of the following macromolecules is considered a homopolymer?

Accepted Answer

A) polypeptides 
B) ribonucleic acids 
C) deoxyribonucleic acids 
D) starch 
E) all of the above 
A) polypeptides 
B) ribonucleic acids 
C) deoxyribonucleic acids 
D) starch 
E) all of the above

Question 7

Since the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, which of the following is true regarding life on this planet?

Accepted Answer

A) life forms that arose 3.8 billion years ago were able to synthesize the building blocks of life from non-organic molecules 
B) the earliest organisms on this planet were anaerobic 
C) the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere was originally trapped in ice and thus unavailable for living organisms 
D) all multi-cellular anaerobic organisms died out as oxygen became more plentiful 
E) none of the above 
A) life forms that arose 3.8 billion years ago were able to synthesize the building blocks of life from non-organic molecules 
B) the earliest organisms on this planet were anaerobic 
C) the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere was originally trapped in ice and thus unavailable for living organisms 
D) all multi-cellular anaerobic organisms died out as oxygen became more plentiful 
E) none of the above

Question 8

Prior to 1926, the source of biological catalysis was postulated to be possessed by "ferments" which today are called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) nucleic acids 
C) enzymes 
D) polysaccharides 
E) membranes 
A) proteins 
B) nucleic acids 
C) enzymes 
D) polysaccharides 
E) membranes

Question 9

What functional groups are found in the following molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) carboxylic acid, ether, amine and alcohol 
B) carboxylic acid, ester, amine and alcohol 
C) carboxylic acid, acetal, amine and alcohol 
D) carboxylic acid, ether, amide and alcohol 
E) carboxylic acid, hemiacetal, amine and alcohol 
A) carboxylic acid, ether, amine and alcohol 
B) carboxylic acid, ester, amine and alcohol 
C) carboxylic acid, acetal, amine and alcohol 
D) carboxylic acid, ether, amide and alcohol 
E) carboxylic acid, hemiacetal, amine and alcohol

Question 10

While there are many ways to compare biochemical similarities in organisms, the molecular tree of life is based predominantly on similarities in what biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) proteins 
C) ribosomal RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) lipids of cell membranes 
A) DNA 
B) proteins 
C) ribosomal RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) lipids of cell membranes

Question 11

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells

Accepted Answer

A) chloroplast 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) mitochondrion 
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A) chloroplast 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) mitochondrion 
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

The molecule pyruvic acid is found at the crossroads of several biochemical pathways. Pyruvic acid is also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid. Based upon this name, draw the molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The molecule pyruvic acid is found at...

Question 13

Which of the following elements is considered a second tier biochemical element meaning that it is less abundant than first tier elements but still required for life in all organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) H 
B) N 
C) P 
D) C 
E) O 
A) H 
B) N 
C) P 
D) C 
E) O

Question 14

Of the following biomolecules, which is found only in a monomeric form as opposed to a polymeric form?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleotides 
E) none of the above 
A) amino acids 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleotides 
E) none of the above

Question 15

Of Koshland's "pillars of life," which deals specifically with the structure and function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) program 
B) compartmentation 
C) energy 
D) regeneration 
E) adaptability 
A) program 
B) compartmentation 
C) energy 
D) regeneration 
E) adaptability

Question 16

The genetic information of viruses is contained within __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) DNA or RNA 
C) specialized proteins with defined amino acid sequence 
D) specialized carbohydrates with defined sequence 
E) none of the above 
A) DNA 
B) DNA or RNA 
C) specialized proteins with defined amino acid sequence 
D) specialized carbohydrates with defined sequence 
E) none of the above

Question 17

The synthesis of which molecule is considered by many to be the root of biochemistry since it was the first synthesis of a biological molecule from non-biological precursors?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) urea 
C) glucose 
D) glycine 
E) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 
A) DNA 
B) urea 
C) glucose 
D) glycine 
E) adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Exam 1: The Scope of Biochemistry

Which of the following is a role played by proteins?

What functional groups are found in the following molecule?

Originally, nucleic acids were thought to serve what role within a cell?

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Which of the following is a polymer derived from glucose?

Which of the following macromolecules is considered a homopolymer?

Since the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, which of the following is true regarding life on this planet?

Prior to 1926, the source of biological catalysis was postulated to be possessed by "ferments" which today are called _______.

What functional groups are found in the following molecule?

While there are many ways to compare biochemical similarities in organisms, the molecular tree of life is based predominantly on similarities in what biological molecule?

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells

The molecule pyruvic acid is found at the crossroads of several biochemical pathways. Pyruvic acid is also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid. Based upon this name, draw the molecule.

Which of the following elements is considered a second tier biochemical element meaning that it is less abundant than first tier elements but still required for life in all organisms?

Of the following biomolecules, which is found only in a monomeric form as opposed to a polymeric form?

Of Koshland's "pillars of life," which deals specifically with the structure and function of DNA?

The genetic information of viruses is contained within __________ .

The synthesis of which molecule is considered by many to be the root of biochemistry since it was the first synthesis of a biological molecule from non-biological precursors?

The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

The Energetics of Life

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Proteins: the Primary Level of Protein Structure

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function and Evolution

Contractile Proteins and Molecular Motors

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans

Lipids, Membranes and Cellular Transport

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Chemical Logic of Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Citric Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism I: Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Lipoproteins

Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

Lipid Metabolism Ii: Membrane Lipids, Steroids, Isoprenoids, and Eicosanoids

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds I: Principles of Biosynthesis, Utilization, and Turnover

Metabolism of Nitogenous Compounds II: Amino Acids, Porphyrins, and Neurotransmitters

Nucleotide Metabolism

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Genes, Genomes and Chromosomes

DNA Replication

DNA Restructuring: Repair, Recombination, Rearrangement, Amplification

Information Readout: Transcription and Post-Transcriptional Processing

Information Decoding: Translation and Post-Translational Protein Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

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