Question 1

Which of the following statements is not one of the four properties expected of a genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  A hereditary material must transmit a full complement of genetic information. 
B)  The body cells of any individual of a species should contain the same amount of the material. 
C)  The hereditary material should not be involved in metabolism. 
D)  A hereditary molecule must encode a huge amount of information. 
E)  A hereditary molecule must be able to replicate itself. 
A)  A hereditary material must transmit a full complement of genetic information. 
B)  The body cells of any individual of a species should contain the same amount of the material. 
C)  The hereditary material should not be involved in metabolism. 
D)  A hereditary molecule must encode a huge amount of information. 
E)  A hereditary molecule must be able to replicate itself.

Question 2

The experiments that clearly distinguished DNA and not protein as the hereditary material were conducted by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pauling 
B)  Hershey and Chase 
C)  Griffith 
D)  Watson and Crick 
E)  Avery 
A)  Pauling 
B)  Hershey and Chase 
C)  Griffith 
D)  Watson and Crick 
E)  Avery

Question 3

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Miescher

Accepted Answer

A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Question 4

-The accompanying figure represents ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cloning with a stem cell 
B)  somatic cell nuclear transfer 
C)  genetic manipulation of a single gene 
D)  microsurgical manipulation of a chromosome 
E)  embryonic cloning 
A)  cloning with a stem cell 
B)  somatic cell nuclear transfer 
C)  genetic manipulation of a single gene 
D)  microsurgical manipulation of a chromosome 
E)  embryonic cloning

Question 5

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Griffith

Accepted Answer

A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Question 6

DNA contains all of the following nitrogen-containing bases EXCEPT ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine 
B)  uracil 
C)  guanine 
D)  cytosine 
E)  thymine 
A)  adenine 
B)  uracil 
C)  guanine 
D)  cytosine 
E)  thymine

Question 7

A free nucleotide has a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose),____________________ phosphate group(s),and ____________ of four nitrogen-containing bases.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A free nucleotide has a five-carbon sugar...

Question 8

DNA polymerase assembles new strands in a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  5' to 3' direction only 
B)  5' to 3' direction building one strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the other stand 
C)  5' to 3' direction building the first half of a strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the second half of a strand 
D)  3' to 5' direction building the first half of a strand and a 5' to 3' direction building the second half of a strand 
E)  3' to 5' direction on the "old" 3' to 5' strand 
A)  5' to 3' direction only 
B)  5' to 3' direction building one strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the other stand 
C)  5' to 3' direction building the first half of a strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the second half of a strand 
D)  3' to 5' direction building the first half of a strand and a 5' to 3' direction building the second half of a strand 
E)  3' to 5' direction on the "old" 3' to 5' strand

Question 9

Rosalind Franklin created the first ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  clear x-ray diffraction image of DNA as it occurs in cells 
B)  model of DNA's nucleotide bases 
C)  experiment to test whether base-pairs differ among species 
D)  hypothesis surrounding the nature of a hereditary molecule 
E)  results proving that bases exist on the outside of a helix 
A)  clear x-ray diffraction image of DNA as it occurs in cells 
B)  model of DNA's nucleotide bases 
C)  experiment to test whether base-pairs differ among species 
D)  hypothesis surrounding the nature of a hereditary molecule 
E)  results proving that bases exist on the outside of a helix

Question 10

Franklin's assignment at Cambridge was to investigate the structure of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  ultraviolet radiation 
C)  DNA 
D)  embryonic fluid 
E)  lipids 
A)  proteins 
B)  ultraviolet radiation 
C)  DNA 
D)  embryonic fluid 
E)  lipids

Question 11

Figure 8.4
-What type of virus particle is illustrated in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Adenovirus 
C)  Bacteriophage 
D)  HIV 
E)  Rotavirus 
A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Adenovirus 
C)  Bacteriophage 
D)  HIV 
E)  Rotavirus

Question 12

What are the cellular mechanisms that must fail before a DNA replication error becomes a mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  translation and transcription 
B)  transcription and proofreading 
C)  proofreading and repair 
D)  replication and translation 
E)  replication and repair 
A)  translation and transcription 
B)  transcription and proofreading 
C)  proofreading and repair 
D)  replication and translation 
E)  replication and repair

Question 13

Hydrogen bonding is strongest between ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine and guanine 
B)  uracil and thymine 
C)  guanine and uracil 
D)  adenine and thymine 
E)  cytosine and guanine 
A)  adenine and guanine 
B)  uracil and thymine 
C)  guanine and uracil 
D)  adenine and thymine 
E)  cytosine and guanine

Question 14

In a 3-D double helix model of DNA,the center consists of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribose sugars 
B)  nitrate groups 
C)  nucleotide base pairs 
D)  phosphate groups 
E)  sugar-phosphate backbones 
A)  deoxyribose sugars 
B)  nitrate groups 
C)  nucleotide base pairs 
D)  phosphate groups 
E)  sugar-phosphate backbones

Question 15

Which statement is false with regard to adult cell cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves differentiated cells. 
B)  It occurs with some frequency in nature. 
C)  It involves rewinding the developmental clock. 
D)  It involves an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. 
E)  It may involve nuclear transfer. 
A)  It involves differentiated cells. 
B)  It occurs with some frequency in nature. 
C)  It involves rewinding the developmental clock. 
D)  It involves an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. 
E)  It may involve nuclear transfer.

Question 16

How many pairs of autosomes are in a typical human karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  22 
C)  23 
D)  46 
E)  92 
A)  8 
B)  22 
C)  23 
D)  46 
E)  92

Question 17

Fred Griffith's experiment,in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae,demonstrated that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms 
B)  harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria transformation factor 
C)  pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains 
D)  dead cells lose their genetic information 
E)  DNA is a protein rich in nitrogen and phosphorus 
A)  pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms 
B)  harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria transformation factor 
C)  pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains 
D)  dead cells lose their genetic information 
E)  DNA is a protein rich in nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 18

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Avery and McCarty

Accepted Answer

A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Question 19

The Hershey and Chase experiments,in which radioactive phosphorus (32P)and radioactive sulfur (35S)were used,demonstrated that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA labeled with 35S and proteins labeled with 32P can be traced over the course of an experiment 
B)  DNA labeled with 32P is transferred from the bacteriophage to the virus 
C)  proteins labeled with 35S become deactivated and unable to be transferred 
D)  bacteriophages transfer their DNA, not their coat proteins, into their hosts 
E)  DNA may be the hereditary material, although bacteriophages transfer both DNA and proteins into their hosts 
A)  DNA labeled with 35S and proteins labeled with 32P can be traced over the course of an experiment 
B)  DNA labeled with 32P is transferred from the bacteriophage to the virus 
C)  proteins labeled with 35S become deactivated and unable to be transferred 
D)  bacteriophages transfer their DNA, not their coat proteins, into their hosts 
E)  DNA may be the hereditary material, although bacteriophages transfer both DNA and proteins into their hosts

Question 20

Which statement is false with regard to mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are always dangerous. 
B)  They can occur as DNA replication errors. 
C)  They cannot be repaired after replication. 
D)  They may become cancerous. 
E)  They can be passed on to the next generation. 
A)  They are always dangerous. 
B)  They can occur as DNA replication errors. 
C)  They cannot be repaired after replication. 
D)  They may become cancerous. 
E)  They can be passed on to the next generation.

Exam 8: DNA Structure and Function

Which of the following statements is not one of the four properties expected of a genetic material?

The experiments that clearly distinguished DNA and not protein as the hereditary material were conducted by _____.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Miescher

-The accompanying figure represents ____.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Griffith

DNA contains all of the following nitrogen-containing bases EXCEPT ____.

A free nucleotide has a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose),____________________ phosphate group(s),and ____________ of four nitrogen-containing bases.

DNA polymerase assembles new strands in a ____.

Rosalind Franklin created the first ____.

Franklin's assignment at Cambridge was to investigate the structure of ____.

Figure 8.4 -What type of virus particle is illustrated in the figure?

What are the cellular mechanisms that must fail before a DNA replication error becomes a mutation?

Hydrogen bonding is strongest between ____.

In a 3-D double helix model of DNA,the center consists of ____.

Which statement is false with regard to adult cell cloning?

How many pairs of autosomes are in a typical human karyotype?

Fred Griffith's experiment,in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae,demonstrated that _____.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Avery and McCarty

The Hershey and Chase experiments,in which radioactive phosphorus (32P)and radioactive sulfur (35S)were used,demonstrated that ____.

Which statement is false with regard to mutations?

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

A free nucleotide has a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose),________ phosphate group(s),and of four nitrogen-containing bases.