Question 1

Which of the following does not specifically cause a membrane to be more rigid or fluid,but rather causes the Tm to occur over a greater range?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids 
B) raising the temperature 
C) increasing the cholesterol content 
D) decreasing the phosphatidylcholine content while increasing the phosphatidylethanolamine content 
E) all of the above 
A) increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids 
B) raising the temperature 
C) increasing the cholesterol content 
D) decreasing the phosphatidylcholine content while increasing the phosphatidylethanolamine content 
E) all of the above C

Question 2

When fatty acids are added to an aqueous solution,they can either sit on top of the solution,forming a ________ or form spherical ________ throughout the solution.

Accepted Answer

A) monolayer;micelles 
B) bilayer;micelles 
C) monolayer;bilayer 
D) bilayer;monolayer 
E) micelle;bilayer 
A) monolayer;micelles 
B) bilayer;micelles 
C) monolayer;bilayer 
D) bilayer;monolayer 
E) micelle;bilayer A

Question 3

Which of the following is used to drive glucose uptake by intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) potassium gradient across the blood vessel/epithelial cell membrane 
B) potassium gradient across the intestinal lumen/epithelial cell membrane 
C) sodium gradient across the blood vessel/epithelial cell membrane 
D) sodium gradient across the intestinal lumen/epithelial cell membrane 
E) none of the above 
A) potassium gradient across the blood vessel/epithelial cell membrane 
B) potassium gradient across the intestinal lumen/epithelial cell membrane 
C) sodium gradient across the blood vessel/epithelial cell membrane 
D) sodium gradient across the intestinal lumen/epithelial cell membrane 
E) none of the above D

Question 4

Draw a molecule of phosphatidylserine with palmitic acid (16:0)and oleic acid (18:1c$\Delta$9)present.Make sure to put the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their proper location.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a molecule of phosphatidylserine with palmitic...

Question 5

Which of the following would be considered an $\omega$-3 fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A) linoleic acid: 9,12-octadecadieneoic acid (18:2c$\Delta$9,12) 
B) eicosapentaenoic acid: 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5c$\Delta$5,8,11,14,17) 
C) $\gamma$-linolenic acid: 6,9,12-octadecatrieneoic acid (18:3c$\Delta$6,9,12) 
D) arachidonic acid: 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4c$\Delta$5,8,11,14) 
E) all of the above 
A) linoleic acid: 9,12-octadecadieneoic acid (18:2c$\Delta$9,12) 
B) eicosapentaenoic acid: 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5c$\Delta$5,8,11,14,17) 
C) $\gamma$-linolenic acid: 6,9,12-octadecatrieneoic acid (18:3c$\Delta$6,9,12) 
D) arachidonic acid: 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4c$\Delta$5,8,11,14) 
E) all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is correctly defined?

Accepted Answer

A) sphingomyelin: ceramide + choline 
B) glycoglycerolipid: glycerol + fatty acid + monosaccharide + phosphate 
C) cerebroside: ceramide + monosaccharide 
D) ganglioside: sphingomyelin + oligosaccharide 
E) none of the above 
A) sphingomyelin: ceramide + choline 
B) glycoglycerolipid: glycerol + fatty acid + monosaccharide + phosphate 
C) cerebroside: ceramide + monosaccharide 
D) ganglioside: sphingomyelin + oligosaccharide 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Draw the following fatty acid: 18:3c$\Delta$9,12,15 as it would appear at physiological pH.With reference to the omega carbon,what type of fatty acid is this? Draw the result if this fatty acid underwent partial hydrogenation to produce 18:1t$\Delta$11

Accepted Answer

this is an

Question 8

Given the following concentrations (in mM)for sodium and potassium ions,a membrane potential of 60 mV (inside negative),a temperature of 37S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C and a $\Delta$G for ATP hydrolysis of -51 kJ/mol,what is the % efficiency of the Na/K ATPase?

Accepted Answer

For each ATP hydrolyzed,3 Na⁺

Question 9

The movement of potassium ions across a membrane aided by valinomycin is an example of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) facilitated diffusion by transport through a pore 
B) facilitated diffusion by transport using a carrier molecule 
C) facilitated diffusion by use of a permease 
D) primary active transport since valinomycin is a sodium-potassium ATPase 
E) secondary active transport since valinomycin only moves with the aid of the sodium ion gradient 
A) facilitated diffusion by transport through a pore 
B) facilitated diffusion by transport using a carrier molecule 
C) facilitated diffusion by use of a permease 
D) primary active transport since valinomycin is a sodium-potassium ATPase 
E) secondary active transport since valinomycin only moves with the aid of the sodium ion gradient

Question 10

Addition of a functional group to the pro-R carbon of glycerol places that group on carbon _____ while addition of a second functional group to the pro-S carbon of glycerol places the second group on carbon _____ of sn-glycerol.

Accepted Answer

A) 1;2 
B) 1;3 
C) 3;2 
D) 3;1 
E) 2;2 
A) 1;2 
B) 1;3 
C) 3;2 
D) 3;1 
E) 2;2

Question 11

Which of the following mechanisms of membrane transport is correctly defined?

Accepted Answer

A) simple diffusion: uses concentration gradient to move highly polar molecules and ions across membranes 
B) facilitated diffusion: uses proteins such as ion channels to move substances against their concentration gradient across a membrane 
C) primary active transport: uses ATP hydrolysis to move ions against their concentration gradient across a membrane 
D) secondary active transport: uses ATP hydrolysis along with an ion gradient to move polar molecules or ions against their concentration gradient across a membrane 
E) all of the above 
A) simple diffusion: uses concentration gradient to move highly polar molecules and ions across membranes 
B) facilitated diffusion: uses proteins such as ion channels to move substances against their concentration gradient across a membrane 
C) primary active transport: uses ATP hydrolysis to move ions against their concentration gradient across a membrane 
D) secondary active transport: uses ATP hydrolysis along with an ion gradient to move polar molecules or ions against their concentration gradient across a membrane 
E) all of the above

Question 12

The transient association of lipid rafts is thought to play a significant role in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) cell signaling 
B) bacterial entry into host cells 
C) protein trafficking 
D) membrane receptor dimerization 
E) all of the above 
A) cell signaling 
B) bacterial entry into host cells 
C) protein trafficking 
D) membrane receptor dimerization 
E) all of the above

Question 13

What alcohol containing a quaternary amine is commonly found esterified to glycerophospholipids?

Accepted Answer

A) ethanolamine 
B) choline 
C) serine 
D) inositol 
E) cholesterol 
A) ethanolamine 
B) choline 
C) serine 
D) inositol 
E) cholesterol

Question 14

Fatty acids are _______ meaning that they have both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region of the molecule

Accepted Answer

A) aliphatic 
B) amphipathic 
C) saturated 
D) unsaturated 
E) phosphorylated 
A) aliphatic 
B) amphipathic 
C) saturated 
D) unsaturated 
E) phosphorylated

Question 15

In animals,the bulk of energy is stored as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids 
B) triacylglycerols 
C) glycogen 
D) waxes 
E) glycerophospholipids 
A) fatty acids 
B) triacylglycerols 
C) glycogen 
D) waxes 
E) glycerophospholipids

Question 16

When comparing the sequences of a peripheral membrane protein with an integral membrane protein,which of the following amino acids would most likely be present in a higher percentage in the integral membrane protein?

Accepted Answer

A) aspartic acid 
B) leucine 
C) histidine 
D) serine 
E) none of the above 
A) aspartic acid 
B) leucine 
C) histidine 
D) serine 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely move across a membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) potassium ions 
B) glucose 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) sodium ions 
E) water 
A) potassium ions 
B) glucose 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) sodium ions 
E) water

Question 18

A ceramide is derived from which combination of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a molecule of sphingosine and a monosaccharide 
B) a molecule of sphingosine and a molecule of phosphocholine 
C) a molecule of sphingosine and a fatty acid 
D) a molecule of sphingosine and two fatty acids 
E) a molecule of sphingosine,a fatty acid and a monosaccharide 
A) a molecule of sphingosine and a monosaccharide 
B) a molecule of sphingosine and a molecule of phosphocholine 
C) a molecule of sphingosine and a fatty acid 
D) a molecule of sphingosine and two fatty acids 
E) a molecule of sphingosine,a fatty acid and a monosaccharide

Question 19

Movement of ions across a cell membrane by the Na/K ATPase is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium moved outside to inside,potassium inside to outside 
B) sodium moved inside to outside,potassium outside to inside 
C) sodium moved inside to outside,potassium inside to outside 
D) sodium moved outside to inside,potassium outside to inside 
E) none of the above 
A) sodium moved outside to inside,potassium inside to outside 
B) sodium moved inside to outside,potassium outside to inside 
C) sodium moved inside to outside,potassium inside to outside 
D) sodium moved outside to inside,potassium outside to inside 
E) none of the above

Question 20

Partial hydrogenation accomplishes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) prevents oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds,thus preventing spoilage of fats 
B) raises the melting point of fatty acids 
C) converts cis double bonds to trans double bonds 
D) converts oils into fats 
E) all of the above 
A) prevents oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds,thus preventing spoilage of fats 
B) raises the melting point of fatty acids 
C) converts cis double bonds to trans double bonds 
D) converts oils into fats 
E) all of the above

Exam 10: Lipids,membranes and Cellular Transport

Which of the following does not specifically cause a membrane to be more rigid or fluid,but rather causes the Tm to occur over a greater range?

When fatty acids are added to an aqueous solution,they can either sit on top of the solution,forming a ________ or form spherical ________ throughout the solution.

Which of the following is used to drive glucose uptake by intestinal epithelial cells?

Draw a molecule of phosphatidylserine with palmitic acid (16:0)and oleic acid (18:1c Δ\DeltaΔ 9)present.Make sure to put the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their proper location.

Which of the following would be considered an ω\omegaω -3 fatty acid?

Which of the following is correctly defined?

Draw the following fatty acid: 18:3c Δ\DeltaΔ 9,12,15 as it would appear at physiological pH.With reference to the omega carbon,what type of fatty acid is this? Draw the result if this fatty acid underwent partial hydrogenation to produce 18:1t Δ\DeltaΔ 11

Given the following concentrations (in mM)for sodium and potassium ions,a membrane potential of 60 mV (inside negative),a temperature of 37 ∘\circ∘ C and a Δ\DeltaΔ G for ATP hydrolysis of -51 kJ/mol,what is the % efficiency of the Na/K ATPase?

The movement of potassium ions across a membrane aided by valinomycin is an example of _______________.

Addition of a functional group to the pro-R carbon of glycerol places that group on carbon _____ while addition of a second functional group to the pro-S carbon of glycerol places the second group on carbon _____ of sn-glycerol.

Which of the following mechanisms of membrane transport is correctly defined?

The transient association of lipid rafts is thought to play a significant role in which of the following?

What alcohol containing a quaternary amine is commonly found esterified to glycerophospholipids?

Fatty acids are _______ meaning that they have both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region of the molecule

In animals,the bulk of energy is stored as __________.

When comparing the sequences of a peripheral membrane protein with an integral membrane protein,which of the following amino acids would most likely be present in a higher percentage in the integral membrane protein?

Which of the following would most likely move across a membrane by simple diffusion?

A ceramide is derived from which combination of the following?

Movement of ions across a cell membrane by the Na/K ATPase is best described as ________.

Partial hydrogenation accomplishes which of the following?

The Scope of Biochemistry

The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

The Energetics of Life

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Proteins: the Primary Level of Protein Structure

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function and Evolution

Contractile Proteins and Molecular Motors

Carbohydrates: Sugars,saccharides,glycans

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Chemical Logic of Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Citric Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle

Electron Transport, oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism I: Fatty Acids,triacylglycerols,and Lipoproteins

Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

Lipid Metabolism Ii: Membrane Lipids, steroids, isoprenoids, and Eicosanoids

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds I: Principles of Biosynthesis, utilization, and Turnover

Metabolism of Nitogenous Compounds Ii: Amino Acids, porphyrins, and Neurotransmitters

Nucleotide Metabolism

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Genes,genomes and Chromosomes

Dna Replication

Dna Restructuring: Repair,recombination,rearrangement,amplification

Information Readout: Transcription and Post-Transcriptional Processing

Information Decoding: Translation and Post-Translational Protein Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Which of the following does not specifically cause a membrane to be more rigid or fluid,but rather causes the T_m to occur over a greater range?

When fatty acids are added to an aqueous solution,they can either sit on top of the solution,forming a or form spherical throughout the solution.

Draw a molecule of phosphatidylserine with palmitic acid (16:0)and oleic acid (18:1c $\Delta$ 9)present.Make sure to put the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their proper location.

Which of the following would be considered an $\omega$ -3 fatty acid?

Draw the following fatty acid: 18:3c $\Delta$ 9,12,15 as it would appear at physiological pH.With reference to the omega carbon,what type of fatty acid is this? Draw the result if this fatty acid underwent partial hydrogenation to produce 18:1t $\Delta$ 11

Addition of a functional group to the pro-R carbon of glycerol places that group on carbon _ while addition of a second functional group to the pro-S carbon of glycerol places the second group on carbon _ of sn-glycerol.