Exam 18: Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

Which of the following pathways would be active between meal when blood glucose is low but inactive after several days of starvation?

Which of the following is true of glucagon?

Which of the following hormones is correctly described?

Which of the following pathways is activated in response to phosphorylation of key enzymes by AMPK?

For skeletal muscle,which of the following correctly pairs the activity state with the source of energy?

For each of the following tissue types,list the fuel(s)stored,preferred fuel(s)and exported fuel(s)under normal conditions.

For each of the following biochemical pathways,give the effect of each hormone as either activated ( $\uarr$ ),inhibited ( $\downarrow$ )or no effect (NE).

Although AMPK and mTOR generally play opposing roles in metabolic control,which of the following pathways is activated by both of these molecules?

For each of the following liver enzymes,indicate what happens to the enzyme (i.e. ,phosphorylated/dephosphorylated…)when the cell is under the influence of glucagon.Indicate whether the enzyme is activated or inhibited and how that contributes to the overall role of glucagon. PFK-2: Pyruvate kinase: Fruc-1,6-BPase: Glycogen phosphorylase:

Which of the following types of tissue can use glucose,but not fatty acids,as a source of fuel?

Under starvation conditions,which of the following shows an increase in activity in the first few days,followed by a large decrease in activity after a week?

Which of the following transporters is only present on the surface of muscle cells following insulin binding?

The two hypotheses for insulin resistance are the lipid overload and the inflammation hypotheses.The lipid overload hypothesis primarily involves fat accumulation in __________ tissue while the inflammation hypothesis primarily involves secretion of inflammatory molecules from ___________ tissue.

If a group of transgenic mice that overexpress SIRT1 was fed as much food as the mice desired to eat,what would be the consequences?

What process in the brain consumes most of the ATP that is produced?

What is the general reaction type catalyzed by most of the sirtuins?

Which of the following is the ultimate action that causes release of insulin from pancreatic $\beta$ -cells?

Which of the following hormones affects the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and ultimately results in an inhibition of nutrient intake?

The transcription factor PGC-1 $\alpha$ is controlled by two forms of covalent modification.Which of the following correctly identifies a mechanism of control?

Which of the following is commonly stored as an energy reserve by the heart?