Exam 21: Metabolism of Nitogenous Compounds Ii: Amino Acids, porphyrins, and Neurotransmitters

The catabolism of leucine to acetyl-CoA produces three molecules of acetyl-CoA,one NADH,and one FADH₂,while consuming two ATP.What is the net ATP production from the complete oxidation of the leucine carbon skeleton?

Which of the following explains the unique mechanism by which $\delta$ -aminolevulinic acid is synthesized in most bacteria,archaea and plants?

Which of the following is a role of spermine and spermidine,the polyamines derived from glutamate?

The route by which methionine is degraded provides for the synthesis of which amino acid?

Which of the following molecules uses chorismate as a precursor?

The importance of regenerating methionine can be seen in the multiple methionine regeneration pathways found in the liver,such as the pathway that uses betaine as a methyl group donor.What glycerophospholipid component is the precursor for betaine?

The conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan in the serotonin synthesis pathway is analogous to the conversion of _________ to _________.

One route for tryptophan degradation leads to the coenzyme _____________.

In animals,all nitrogen and carbon of heme groups comes from the reaction of the amino acid ________ and _________.

The regeneration of methionine from homocysteine relies upon the conversion of _________ to __________ as a source of carbon.

Bilirubin is conjugated with _________ to increase its solubility for excretion.

Which of the following amino acids is derived from a glycolytic intermediate?

Which pair of amino acids can be degraded to oxaloacetate and $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate,respectively?

In bacteria,the biosynthetic routes for proline and arginine diverge when glutamate is N-acetylated for arginine synthesis.Which of the following explains why acetylation is required for arginine synthesis but not proline synthesis?

Provide the two missing items in the scheme that shows the metabolism of threonine to glycine.

In the pathway for conversion of phenylalanine to fumarate and acetoacetate,there are two well-known enzyme defects that cause inheritable metabolic diseases.What are the names of these two diseases?

Glyphosate,the active molecule in the herbicide Roundup,is an inhibitor of the enzyme 5-enolpuruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in the chorismate synthesis pathway.Which of the following amino acids would not be produced in a plant treated with Roundup?

Of the following molecules derived from amino acids,which is used to transport amino acids across the cell membrane?

Give the products of the following reaction in the $\gamma$ -glutamyl cycle.One product is an amino acid,the other,5-oxoproline.

Which amino acids are transaminated by the branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase?