Exam 4: Learning

A procedure used to teach a whole behavior by first training its parts is called:

Seligman expanded his theory of learned helplessness to explain___________.

Tenia ate out with some friends and had fried oysters.The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much of the day.The next time she saw someone eating fried oysters,she felt queasy and quickly looked away.Her queasiness at the sight of the fried oysters was probably due to ______.

Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a ticking sound of a metronome that was paired with a meat stimulus.After the CS-UCS linkage was strongly established,Pavlov then presented the dog with finger snapping followed by the ticking of a metronome.After a few days,when the snapping sounds were presented alone,the dog salivated.This is an example of ___________.

The 5-year-old of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums.Whenever the child goes off the deep end,one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him.Nevertheless,his tantrums do not diminish; they even seem to increase.We may assume that his parents' fussing over him serves as a _______.

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

Classical conditioning:

Barry would really like to learn to do ballroom dancing,but he has a severe limp in his left leg.Although he watches ballroom dancing on television and can remember all the moves and dips,he will be very unlikely to be able to learn to dance this way because he is missing a key element of observational learning.What is it?

The abbreviation CS stands for _____________.

You have a class in which you have a quiz every Friday.Your studying for quizzes is reinforced on what type of schedule?

The abbreviation UCS stands for ____________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,salivation to the bell was the _______.

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning,that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________ and that the conditioned stimulus is the ___________.

Peggy wanted to teach her dog how to roll over.She tried giving him instructions,but it didn't work.She tried waiting for him to roll over so she could reinforce the behavior,but she had to go to bed before the dog rolled.Finally,she began reinforcing the dog when it made behaviors that more closely resembled rolling over.At last,using _______,she was able to teach the dog to do the trick.

Sandy's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines.Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as acquisition behavior.

A very high rate of responding is produced by a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

Molly is sometimes loud and disruptive in class,and her teacher thinks she acts this way when she wants attention.The teacher worries that yelling at Molly might serve as a positive reinforcer for her bad behavior because it is giving Molly the attention she wants.One behavior modification that might help with this child is ______________.

John has been working on a math problem late at night without success; he falls aslee