Exam 4: Learning

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

Which of the following statements about punishment is NOT true?

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

How does one know he/she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?

Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because __________.

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school.When the topic of punishment is discussed,what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

We associate the name of _______ most closely with classical conditioning.

In your college dorm,any time you take a shower,someone always flushes the toilet and causes the water in your shower to turn icy cold,making you cringe.After several episodes like this,you find that you tend to cringe whenever you hear a toilet flush,no matter where you are.In this example,what is the conditioned stimulus?

The key to the cognitive perspective of classical conditioning is that the presentation of the conditioned stimulus must ______.

A woodchuck tries to crack a walnut shell in two different ways--with his paws and with his teeth.The last method worked and the first did not; hence,the woodchuck will be more likely to rely on his teeth for splitting the next nut.This observation illustrates the:

Every time Maricella goes to work in the morning,she notices that her dog sulks in the corner of the room and looks very sad.Over several weeks,she notices that the dog gets unhappy when she picks up her car keys,immediately before leaving the house.Which phenomenon of learning best describes the dog's behavior?

One interesting thing about conditioned taste aversions is that birds differ from mammals in how they learn them.Birds seem more likely to learn the taste aversion to the appearance of the new food,rather than the smell.

In classical conditioning,when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response,the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a/an _______ stimulus.

Using continuous reinforcement is the best way to prevent a response from becoming extinguished.

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

____________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel #5 when she went out with Bobby.Whenever Bobby smelled Chanel #5,he began to breathe faster.Sue's kiss was the:

What do we call learning that has taken place but is not demonstrated?

In operant conditioning,_____________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?