Exam 4: Learning

Joaquin's parents have given his 2-year-old daughter,Marie,a very noisy jack-in-the-box toy for her birthday.Marie loves to turn the crank and make the puppet pop up,over and over and over.Desperate to have some peace and quiet,Joaquin gives Marie a popsicle,which distracts her and produces the quiet he was craving.But when the popsicle is finished,Marie goes back To the toy,cranking and cranking.Joaquin tries another popsicle.What kind of reinforcement process is taking place in this situation?

The person most closely associated with the law of effect is ________ .

When Ivan Pavlov presented meat powder,the dog salivated.The meat powder was the ________ and salivation was the ________.

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called _________ .

The type of learning that involves a sudden coming together of the elements of a situation so that the solution to a problem is instantly clear is _____.

An automatic,innate,and involuntary response to an environmental events is an ________.

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ____________.

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ___________ .

Gretta spends a lot of time at the race track betting on ponies,and occasionally she wins.The frequency of her betting is controlled by which of the following?

One-year-old Ben learned to say the word duck when his mother showed him a duck in their backyard.That evening he sees a cartoon with a rooster in it and says "duck," pointing to the rooster.Ben is exhibiting ______.

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6 year old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the:

Which of the following is true of research on insight?

In applied behavior analysis,______.

According to B.F.Skinner,negative reinforcement of a response makes you more likely to continue to make that response.

Last month Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs,so he no longer likes chili dogs.Walter has experienced ____________.

To make punishment more effective,it should be ______.

_________ refers to small steps in behavior,one after the other,that lead to a particular goal behavior.

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning,the one the organism learns to respond to is the:

In classical conditioning,the ______ are important in learning,but in operant conditioning,it is the ______ that determine whether learning will occur.

A young child watches her mother make pancakes.She wants to please her mother so she pays attention.However,when she goes to make them on her own,she cannot break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor,no matter how hard she tries.Her attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary components for observational learning?