Question 1

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) Skinner 
B) Tolman 
C) Kohler 
D) Pavlov 
A) Skinner 
B) Tolman 
C) Kohler 
D) Pavlov

Question 2

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) discrimination 
C) avoidance training 
D) desensitization 
A) extinction 
B) discrimination 
C) avoidance training 
D) desensitization

Question 3

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) US 
B) CS 
C) UR 
D) CR 
A) US 
B) CS 
C) UR 
D) CR

Question 4

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment),what was the UCS?

Accepted Answer

A) the rat 
B) the rabbit 
C) the loud noise 
D) the crying response 
A) the rat 
B) the rabbit 
C) the loud noise 
D) the crying response

Question 5

If Billy was praised every 4th time he collected rocks without throwing them,his behavior would be on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) variable ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) variable ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 6

Stimulus generalization occurs:

Accepted Answer

A) only when a response is followed by a reinforcer. 
B) only to those with a high capacity to learn. 
C) after extinction. 
D) when a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli similar to the CS. 
A) only when a response is followed by a reinforcer. 
B) only to those with a high capacity to learn. 
C) after extinction. 
D) when a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli similar to the CS.

Question 7

Archimedes was told by the king to find a way to prove that a gold crown was really gold.While in his bath,he noticed the water that his body displaced out of the tub and shouted, "Eureka!" which means "I have found it!" If the crown was really gold,it should displace the same amount of water as an equal amount of real gold.This is a famous example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) learned helplessness. 
C) insight. 
D) observational learning. 
A) latent learning. 
B) learned helplessness. 
C) insight. 
D) observational learning.

Question 8

The "aha" moment that indicates insight learning was first hypothesized by Tolman.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective of classical conditioning,explaining that it occurs because of expectancy?

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlov 
B) Garcia 
C) Rescorla 
D) Skinner 
A) Pavlov 
B) Garcia 
C) Rescorla 
D) Skinner

Question 10

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a:

Accepted Answer

A) white mouse. 
B) brown mouse. 
C) white rat. 
D) white puppy. 
A) white mouse. 
B) brown mouse. 
C) white rat. 
D) white puppy.

Question 11

A person receiving a monthly salary is on a:

Accepted Answer

A) continuous reinforcement schedule. 
B) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. 
C) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
D) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement. 
A) continuous reinforcement schedule. 
B) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. 
C) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
D) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Question 12

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a bell.You give the dog a biscuit,and then you ring the bell a second later.You do this several times,but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) the bell was not a distinctive sound 
B) the bell should have been sounded before the dog ate the biscuit 
C) you should have had a longer interval between the bell and the biscuit 
D) Pavlov found that the CS and UCS must be only seconds apart in order to condition salivation 
A) the bell was not a distinctive sound 
B) the bell should have been sounded before the dog ate the biscuit 
C) you should have had a longer interval between the bell and the biscuit 
D) Pavlov found that the CS and UCS must be only seconds apart in order to condition salivation

Question 13

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Her son must always model the behavior immediately. 
B) Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry. 
C) Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her. 
D) Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner. 
A) Her son must always model the behavior immediately. 
B) Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry. 
C) Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her. 
D) Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner.

Question 14

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Accepted Answer

A) punishment 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement 
A) punishment 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Question 15

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively.Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the repeated simultaneous presentations of a metronome's ticking sound and the food took place during the ___________ step of the classical conditioning process.

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition 
B) testing 
C) extinction 
D) spontaneous recovery 
A) acquisition 
B) testing 
C) extinction 
D) spontaneous recovery

Question 17

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) manifest content 
B) latent content 
C) latent learning 
D) manifest learning 
A) manifest content 
B) latent content 
C) latent learning 
D) manifest learning

Question 19

Little Albert (Watson,1920)learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Accepted Answer

A) brown cats 
B) black dogs 
C) white rats 
D) his mother 
A) brown cats 
B) black dogs 
C) white rats 
D) his mother

Question 20

Thorndike conducted research on:

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) shaping. 
D) higher-order conditioning. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) shaping. 
D) higher-order conditioning.

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was ____________.

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment),what was the UCS?

If Billy was praised every 4th time he collected rocks without throwing them,his behavior would be on which schedule of reinforcement?

Stimulus generalization occurs:

The "aha" moment that indicates insight learning was first hypothesized by Tolman.

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective of classical conditioning,explaining that it occurs because of expectancy?

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a:

A person receiving a monthly salary is on a:

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a bell.You give the dog a biscuit,and then you ring the bell a second later.You do this several times,but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because ___________.

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively.Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the repeated simultaneous presentations of a metronome's ticking sound and the food took place during the ___________ step of the classical conditioning process.

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation.

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called _________.

Little Albert (Watson,1920)learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Thorndike conducted research on:

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Consciousness and Cognition

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation and Emotion

Stress and Health

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality and Intelligence

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

Exam 4: Learning

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was ____________.

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment),what was the UCS?

If Billy was praised every 4th time he collected rocks without throwing them,his behavior would be on which schedule of reinforcement?

Stimulus generalization occurs:

The "aha" moment that indicates insight learning was first hypothesized by Tolman.

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective of classical conditioning,explaining that it occurs because of expectancy?

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a:

A person receiving a monthly salary is on a:

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a bell.You give the dog a biscuit,and then you ring the bell a second later.You do this several times,but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because ___________.

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively.Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the repeated simultaneous presentations of a metronome's ticking sound and the food took place during the ___________ step of the classical conditioning process.

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation.

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called _________.

Little Albert (Watson,1920)learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Thorndike conducted research on:

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Consciousness and Cognition

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation and Emotion

Stress and Health

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality and Intelligence

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters