Exam 4: Learning

___________ is an example of a primary reinforcer,whereas __________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

Lila doesn't like her psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced pop exams to test the class.As a result,she never knows when she will be tested.Her instructor is testing her on a __________ schedule.

The only vending machine in your dorm is notorious for delivering its merchandise only occasionally when people put money in it.This is most similar to a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

Conditioned emotional responses are some of the easiest forms of classical conditioning to accomplish,as demonstrated by the fact that our lives are so full of them.

On a fixed-ratio schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the __________.

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert.This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.What psychological process are the representatives probably considering as the reason that TV influences school violence?

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will increase is called a(n)_______.

A stimulus presented to a person or animal that decreases the probability of a particular response is known as __________.

Little Albert's acquired fear of a white rat was a classic example of a(n)_____________ response.

There are two kinds of behavior of which all organisms are capable.If Inez blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them,that's ___________.But if she then swats at the gnat,that's ___________.

What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear?

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room.What is the cookie in this example?

Which of the following events most intrigued Pavlov and led to his discoveries?

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.

The spread of conditioning to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus is called:

Maricella works as a seamstress.Her boss tells her that every time she completes five shirts,she will receive $5.She does not,however,get paid $1 for completing only one shirt.When done with the five shirts,she dumps them into a bin and gets paid.Her pattern of shirt completion is most likely to be __________.

Pairing the US and CS is essential for _______ to occur.