Exam 4: Learning

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ___________and thus ________ the probability of a response.

John Watson offered a live,white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer.The white rat served as the ____________ in his study.

Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior,the behavior is likely to ______.

Learning is a process by which experience results in __________.

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?

How did the research of Taylor,Manganello,Lee,and Rice (2010)differ substantially from those who had come before in the exploration of the impact of spanking on children?

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called _______.

Which of the following is a conditioned positive reinforcer?

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ____________.

The person MOST closely associated with the law of effect is __________.

A child is scolded for using his fingers instead of his fork to eat some spaghetti.The scolding stops when he picks up his fork.This is an example of _______ reinforcement.

Thorndike is to _______ as Skinner is to _______.

Getting paid for every three baskets of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?