Exam 4: Learning

Insight is a concept associated with _______ learning theory.

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert.This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

In classical conditioning,one must pair the _______ before conditioning can occur.

Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because __________.

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ______________.

Paul is coming down with the flu,but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill.A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea.What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning)is called _____________.

On a variable-ratio schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

Your parakeet eats some cooked spaghetti.Later,the parakeet gets ill.What would the research on biological preparedness predict?

Classical is to _______ as operant is to _______.

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the _______.

Your professor has informed you at the beginning of the term that you will have eight tests--but they will all be unannounced.This is most similar to a _______ reinforcement schedule.

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food,in this case),the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park.One day when you arrive at the park you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you have not seen for years,and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park.Even though the paths are complicated and twisted,you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin.Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of ____________.

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR,the phenomenon is called _______.

After a CS comes to elicit the CR,the CS now can be paired with a new neutral stimulus and this second neutral stimulus will start to elicit a CR.This process is called _____________.

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.

Mary's parents want her to put her books in her bookcase.At first,they praise her for putting the books together in one pile.Then they praise her for getting the books on the same side of the room as the bookcase.When she gets the books on top of the bookcase,she gets praise.Finally,her parents praise her when she puts her books in the bookcase.This is an example of ____________.

_________ refer(s)to small steps in behavior,one after the other,that lead to a particular goal behavior.