Exam 4: Learning

A child who calls all four-legged animals "dogs" is exhibiting ______.

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a bell using Pavlovian procedures.After the conditioning is established,the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears.Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days.When returned to the test situation,the conditioned response is seen again.The effect is known as ________.

Stimulus discrimination:

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur more frequently is called a(n)__________ .

When someone uses punishment to change a behavior,the behavior is likely to ______.

Jared realized that he had learned how to prepare his father's famous chili recipe by watching his father in the kitchen for many years.This kind of learning is called ______.

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her,her mother gives him a piece of candy.The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward.The girl's learning to share is an example of __________.

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given for the __________.

An infant who is fed every four hours is on a schedule that is SIMILAR to which of the following?

When the removal of an event increases the likelihood of a prior response,_______ has occurred.

This is the first exam you have ever taken in Professor Smith's class.You know nothing about her tests,and she has never done anything harmful to you or anyone else.Nonetheless,you are anxious about the test.Your anxiety in this situation is an example of:

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

In the process of shaping,behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response.These behaviors are called _____________.

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects,they began to salivate.The salivation was a(n)____________.

Though Jenny tried in vain to reach a puzzle on the top shelf by standing on a chair,she simply could not reach.Suddenly she realized that by placing a thick catalog on the seat of the chair,she would be high enough to reach the puzzle.Jenny's solution is best explained by which of the following?

Spontaneous recovery:

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original,natural stimulus is called _____________.

The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is ___________.

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS,the effect is known as ____________.

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the _______.