Question 1

The chemical that ranks first in production among all industrial chemicals is

Accepted Answer

A)  NH3, ammonia. 
B)  H3PO4, phosphoric acid. 
C)  NaOH, sodium hydroxide. 
D)  Na2CO3, sodium carbonate. 
E)  H2SO4, sulfuric acid. 
A)  NH3, ammonia. 
B)  H3PO4, phosphoric acid. 
C)  NaOH, sodium hydroxide. 
D)  Na2CO3, sodium carbonate. 
E)  H2SO4, sulfuric acid.

Question 2

One important feature of the chemistry of carbon is

Accepted Answer

A)  its large radius that allows other atoms to fit easily around it. 
B)  its low electronegativity that allows it to ionize easily. 
C)  its amphoteric behavior. 
D)  its ability to form multiple bonds with hydrogen. 
E)  its ability to catenate. 
A)  its large radius that allows other atoms to fit easily around it. 
B)  its low electronegativity that allows it to ionize easily. 
C)  its amphoteric behavior. 
D)  its ability to form multiple bonds with hydrogen. 
E)  its ability to catenate.

Question 3

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. CaO(s) + H2O(l) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H2(g) 
B)  Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
C)  Ca2+(aq) + H3O+(aq) 
D)  Ca(OH)2(s) 
E)  CaH2(s) + O2(g) 
A)  Ca2+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H2(g) 
B)  Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
C)  Ca2+(aq) + H3O+(aq) 
D)  Ca(OH)2(s) 
E)  CaH2(s) + O2(g)

Question 4

Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How does the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to selenium bromide?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic to polar covalent 
B)  polar covalent to ionic 
C)  polar covalent to non-polar covalent 
D)  coordinate covalent to polar covalent 
E)  none of the above 
A)  ionic to polar covalent 
B)  polar covalent to ionic 
C)  polar covalent to non-polar covalent 
D)  coordinate covalent to polar covalent 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The size of an atom is associated with the angular momentum quantum number. 
B)  The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same principal and angular momentum quantum numbers. 
C)  The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same angular momentum quantum number but have different principal quantum numbers. 
D)  Quantum numbers for the electrons tell us little about the relative energies of the electrons. 
E)  None of the above statements is correct. 
A)  The size of an atom is associated with the angular momentum quantum number. 
B)  The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same principal and angular momentum quantum numbers. 
C)  The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same angular momentum quantum number but have different principal quantum numbers. 
D)  Quantum numbers for the electrons tell us little about the relative energies of the electrons. 
E)  None of the above statements is correct.

Question 6

What are the products of the following reaction of strontium hydride and water? SrH2(s) + H2O(l) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Accepted Answer

A)  Sr2+(aq) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
B)  Sr2+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq) 
C)  Sr(s) + H2(g) + OH-(aq) 
D)  Sr(s) + H3O+(aq) 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Sr2+(aq) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
B)  Sr2+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq) 
C)  Sr(s) + H2(g) + OH-(aq) 
D)  Sr(s) + H3O+(aq) 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following oxides will be the most acidic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Al2O3 
B)  Ga2O3 
C)  In2O3 
D)  Tl2O3 
E)  None of these oxides is acidic. 
A)  Al2O3 
B)  Ga2O3 
C)  In2O3 
D)  Tl2O3 
E)  None of these oxides is acidic.

Question 8

Elements of group 1A have higher melting and boiling points than those of group 2A.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which element forms compounds, e.g., Teflon, which are used as coatings for other substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  boron 
B)  beryllium 
C)  fluorine 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  sodium 
A)  boron 
B)  beryllium 
C)  fluorine 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  sodium

Question 10

Consider the oxides XO2, where X is a main-group element. Identify X in each of the following cases:
a. XO2 is a natural component of the atmosphere, implicated in global warming.
b. XO2 is a toxic, brown gas and a component of photochemical smog.
c. XO2 is a colorless, toxic gas, implicated in acid rain.
d. XO2 is network solid; one form of it is the mineral quartz.

Accepted Answer

a. C
b. N

Question 11

Which, if any, of the following generalized formulas does not exist for interhalogen compounds? (X and Y represent different halogens.)

Accepted Answer

A)  XY 
B)  XY2 
C)  XY3 
D)  XY5 
E)  All the above can represent stable interhalogen compounds. 
A)  XY 
B)  XY2 
C)  XY3 
D)  XY5 
E)  All the above can represent stable interhalogen compounds.

Question 12

Tin reacts to form several organic compounds. Which of the following is a use for organotin compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are starting materials for polymers. 
B)  They can be used as fungicides. 
C)  They can be used to prepare semiconductors. 
D)  They can be used as solvents for reactions involving polar organic compounds. 
E)  They are used as protective coatings to prevent corrosion of metals. 
A)  They are starting materials for polymers. 
B)  They can be used as fungicides. 
C)  They can be used to prepare semiconductors. 
D)  They can be used as solvents for reactions involving polar organic compounds. 
E)  They are used as protective coatings to prevent corrosion of metals.

Question 13

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the properties of nitrogen and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both oxygen and nitrogen form anions easily. 
B)  Oxygen is a strong oxidizing agent while nitrogen is a strong reducing agent. 
C)  Nitrogen uses more oxidation states in its compounds than oxygen does. 
D)  Nitrogen is more reactive than oxygen. 
E)  Nitrogen does not form naturally-occurring compounds, but oxygen does. 
A)  Both oxygen and nitrogen form anions easily. 
B)  Oxygen is a strong oxidizing agent while nitrogen is a strong reducing agent. 
C)  Nitrogen uses more oxidation states in its compounds than oxygen does. 
D)  Nitrogen is more reactive than oxygen. 
E)  Nitrogen does not form naturally-occurring compounds, but oxygen does.

Question 14

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 
B)  Cl2 
C)  Br2 
D)  I2 
E)  Xe 
A)  O2 
B)  Cl2 
C)  Br2 
D)  I2 
E)  Xe

Question 15

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cl2(g) + I-(aq) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Accepted Answer

A)  ICl 
B)  ICl2 
C)  ICl3 
D)  I2 + Cl- 
E)  I + Cl2- 
A)  ICl 
B)  ICl2 
C)  ICl3 
D)  I2 + Cl- 
E)  I + Cl2-

Question 16

Most of the alkali metal salts are soluble in water while many alkaline earth salts have very low solubilities. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A)  The alkali metal cations are smaller than the alkaline earth cations and are more easily hydrated. 
B)  The alkali metals have lower ionization energies than alkaline earth elements. 
C)  The alkaline earth salts have much greater lattice energies than the alkali metal salts. 
D)  The alkaline earth metals have greater heats of atomization than the alkali metals. 
E)  Alkaline earth cations have very low heats of hydration. 
A)  The alkali metal cations are smaller than the alkaline earth cations and are more easily hydrated. 
B)  The alkali metals have lower ionization energies than alkaline earth elements. 
C)  The alkaline earth salts have much greater lattice energies than the alkali metal salts. 
D)  The alkaline earth metals have greater heats of atomization than the alkali metals. 
E)  Alkaline earth cations have very low heats of hydration.

Question 17

When elements from a group exhibit more than one oxidation state,

Accepted Answer

A)  the higher oxidation state is more important as one goes down a group. 
B)  the lower oxidation state is more important as one goes down a group. 
C)  both oxidation states are equally important throughout the group. 
D)  the oxidation state will be affected by the elements on either side of it in the period. 
E)  None of the above conclusions is true. 
A)  the higher oxidation state is more important as one goes down a group. 
B)  the lower oxidation state is more important as one goes down a group. 
C)  both oxidation states are equally important throughout the group. 
D)  the oxidation state will be affected by the elements on either side of it in the period. 
E)  None of the above conclusions is true.

Question 18

Which of the following ions and atoms has the greatest radius?

Accepted Answer

A)  Se2- 
B)  Br- 
C)  Rb+ 
D)  Sr2+ 
E)  Kr 
A)  Se2- 
B)  Br- 
C)  Rb+ 
D)  Sr2+ 
E)  Kr

Question 19

Certain Period 2 elements exhibit behaviors similar to Period 3 elements immediately below and to the right. One of these interesting diagonal relationships occurs between lithium and magnesium. Which of the following is one of their similarities?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both form insoluble carbonate salts. 
B)  Both elements are important in treating manic-depression. 
C)  Their first ionization energies are almost equal. 
D)  Their densities are very similar. 
E)  They both form organic compounds with polar covalent bonds from the metal to hydrocarbon group. 
A)  They both form insoluble carbonate salts. 
B)  Both elements are important in treating manic-depression. 
C)  Their first ionization energies are almost equal. 
D)  Their densities are very similar. 
E)  They both form organic compounds with polar covalent bonds from the metal to hydrocarbon group.

Question 20

What are the products of the reaction of potassium hydride and water? KH(s) + H2O(l) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Accepted Answer

A)  K(s) + H2(g) + OH-(aq) 
B)  K(s) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
C)  KOH(s) + O2(g) 
D)  K+(aq) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
E)  K+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq) 
A)  K(s) + H2(g) + OH-(aq) 
B)  K(s) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
C)  KOH(s) + O2(g) 
D)  K+(aq) + H2(g) + O2(g) 
E)  K+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq)

Exam 14: Periodic Patterns in the Main Group Elements: Bonding, Structure, and Reactivity

The chemical that ranks first in production among all industrial chemicals is

One important feature of the chemistry of carbon is

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. CaO(s) + H2O(l) 

Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How does the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to selenium bromide?

Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct?

What are the products of the following reaction of strontium hydride and water? SrH2(s) + H2O(l) 

Which of the following oxides will be the most acidic?

Elements of group 1A have higher melting and boiling points than those of group 2A.

Which element forms compounds, e.g., Teflon, which are used as coatings for other substances?

Which, if any, of the following generalized formulas does not exist for interhalogen compounds? (X and Y represent different halogens.)

Tin reacts to form several organic compounds. Which of the following is a use for organotin compounds?

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the properties of nitrogen and oxygen?

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point?

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cl2(g) + I-(aq) 

Most of the alkali metal salts are soluble in water while many alkaline earth salts have very low solubilities. Why is this so?

When elements from a group exhibit more than one oxidation state,

Which of the following ions and atoms has the greatest radius?

Certain Period 2 elements exhibit behaviors similar to Period 3 elements immediately below and to the right. One of these interesting diagonal relationships occurs between lithium and magnesium. Which of the following is one of their similarities?

What are the products of the reaction of potassium hydride and water? KH(s) + H2O(l) 

Keys to the Study of Chemistry

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Elements in Nature and Industry

The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. CaO(s) + H₂O(l) 

What are the products of the following reaction of strontium hydride and water? SrH₂(s) + H₂O(l) 

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cl₂(g) + I^-(aq) 

What are the products of the reaction of potassium hydride and water? KH(s) + H₂O(l) 