Question 1

What gas is produced at the anode in the Downs cell, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What gas is produced at the anode...

Question 2

The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for

Accepted Answer

A)  the radioactivity of tritium. 
B)  isolation of pure D2O. 
C)  tritium's high reactivity. 
D)  the increase in boiling point when comparing hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium. 
E)  nuclear power generation. 
A)  the radioactivity of tritium. 
B)  isolation of pure D2O. 
C)  tritium's high reactivity. 
D)  the increase in boiling point when comparing hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium. 
E)  nuclear power generation.

Question 3

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiation. 
B)  liquefaction. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  deposition. 
E)  remediation. 
A)  differentiation. 
B)  liquefaction. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  deposition. 
E)  remediation.

Question 6

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Accepted Answer

A)  zone refining. 
B)  electrorefining. 
C)  distillation. 
D)  sublimation. 
E)  alloying. 
A)  zone refining. 
B)  electrorefining. 
C)  distillation. 
D)  sublimation. 
E)  alloying.

Question 7

Hydrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes 
A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes

Question 8

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Accepted Answer

A)  hydration of SO3 is very exothermic and difficult to control. 
B)  hydration of SO3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable. 
C)  at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO3. 
D)  vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor. 
E)  the water would decompose under such conditions. 
A)  hydration of SO3 is very exothermic and difficult to control. 
B)  hydration of SO3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable. 
C)  at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO3. 
D)  vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor. 
E)  the water would decompose under such conditions.

Question 9

Electrometallurgy uses _________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes 
A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes

Question 10

The debris accompanying a mineral is called

Accepted Answer

A)  slag. 
B)  gangue. 
C)  ore. 
D)  halite. 
E)  ash. 
A)  slag. 
B)  gangue. 
C)  ore. 
D)  halite. 
E)  ash.

Question 11

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl2(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na(s), H2(g) 
B)  H2(g), O2(g) 
C)  Hg(l), NaCl(s) 
D)  Na(s), O2(g) 
E)  NaOH(aq), H2(g) 
A)  Na(s), H2(g) 
B)  H2(g), O2(g) 
C)  Hg(l), NaCl(s) 
D)  Na(s), O2(g) 
E)  NaOH(aq), H2(g)

Question 12

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Accepted Answer

A)  by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots. 
B)  by converting it to phosphoric acid. 
C)  by osmosis. 
D)  by leaching. 
E)  by fixation. 
A)  by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots. 
B)  by converting it to phosphoric acid. 
C)  by osmosis. 
D)  by leaching. 
E)  by fixation.

Question 13

Potassium is produced industrially by the reaction
Na(l) + K+(l)   Na+(l) + K(g)
The reaction is carried out at 850°C, but the equilibrium Kc constant strongly favors the reactants. Explain how the conditions are manipulated to ensure a good yield of potassium despite the small value of Kc.

Accepted Answer

The gaseous potassium product

Question 14

Electrolysis is used as the last step in isolating pure __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron 
B)  boron 
C)  aluminum 
D)  selenium 
E)  carbon 
A)  iron 
B)  boron 
C)  aluminum 
D)  selenium 
E)  carbon

Question 15

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the earth's crust has been to

Accepted Answer

A)  create a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C)  increase the relative humidity. 
D)  decrease the relative humidity. 
E)  increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
A)  create a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C)  increase the relative humidity. 
D)  decrease the relative humidity. 
E)  increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Question 16

What gas is produced at the anode in the Hall-Heroult process for the electrolytic production of aluminum?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What gas is produced at the anode...

Question 17

Compared to the asbestos diaphragm-cell used in the chlor-alkali process, list
a. one main advantage and one disadvantage of mercury cells.
b. two important advantages of polymer membrane-cells.

Accepted Answer

a. Purer NaOH product is forme

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

What gas is produced at the anode in the Downs cell, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed?

The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Hydrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Electrometallurgy uses _________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

The debris accompanying a mineral is called

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl2(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Potassium is produced industrially by the reaction Na(l) + K+(l) Na+(l) + K(g) The reaction is carried out at 850°C, but the equilibrium Kc constant strongly favors the reactants. Explain how the conditions are manipulated to ensure a good yield of potassium despite the small value of Kc.

Electrolysis is used as the last step in isolating pure __________________.

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the earth's crust has been to

What gas is produced at the anode in the Hall-Heroult process for the electrolytic production of aluminum?

Compared to the asbestos diaphragm-cell used in the chlor-alkali process, list a. one main advantage and one disadvantage of mercury cells. b. two important advantages of polymer membrane-cells.

Keys to the Study of Chemistry

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main Group Elements: Bonding, Structure, and Reactivity

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO₃is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl₂(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

Potassium is produced industrially by the reaction Na(l) + K⁺(l) Na⁺(l) + K(g) The reaction is carried out at 850°C, but the equilibrium K_c constant strongly favors the reactants. Explain how the conditions are manipulated to ensure a good yield of potassium despite the small value of K_c.