Question 1

Alloying a metal is done to

Accepted Answer

A)  make its extraction from its ore easier. 
B)  convert the metal to an oxide. 
C)  disguise the true identity of the metal. 
D)  prepare ultrapure metal samples. 
E)  enhance properties like conductivity. 
A)  make its extraction from its ore easier. 
B)  convert the metal to an oxide. 
C)  disguise the true identity of the metal. 
D)  prepare ultrapure metal samples. 
E)  enhance properties like conductivity.

Question 2

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the production of aluminum by electrolysis. 
B)  the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits. 
C)  the manufacture of sulfuric acid. 
D)  the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. 
E)  the isolation of Al2O3 from bauxite. 
A)  the production of aluminum by electrolysis. 
B)  the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits. 
C)  the manufacture of sulfuric acid. 
D)  the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. 
E)  the isolation of Al2O3 from bauxite.

Question 3

The main end use of sulfuric acid is

Accepted Answer

A)  manufacture of iron and steel. 
B)  processing of petroleum. 
C)  production of fertilizers. 
D)  production of explosives. 
E)  production of various other chemicals. 
A)  manufacture of iron and steel. 
B)  processing of petroleum. 
C)  production of fertilizers. 
D)  production of explosives. 
E)  production of various other chemicals.

Question 4

In the commercial production of aluminum metal, the final stage involves the reaction
2Al2O3(in molten Na3AlF6) + 3C(graphite) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 4Al(l) + 3CO2(g)
Briefly outline the method and equipment with which the reaction is accomplished.

Accepted Answer

This is done electrolytically,

Question 5

Pyrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  explosives 
A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  explosives

Question 6

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals. 
A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals.

Question 7

When nitrogen undergoes atmospheric fixation, it enters the sea and land in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  NO. 
B)  NO2. 
C)  NH3. 
D)  NO3-. 
E)  NH4+. 
A)  NO. 
B)  NO2. 
C)  NH3. 
D)  NO3-. 
E)  NH4+.

Question 8

Give two important reasons why there is so much more Na+ in the oceans than K+, despite their similar abundances in the earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

Clays bind K⁺ more effectively

Question 9

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's. 
B)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's. 
C)  They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode. 
D)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's. 
E)  Their reduction requires large overvoltages. 
A)  Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's. 
B)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's. 
C)  They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode. 
D)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's. 
E)  Their reduction requires large overvoltages.

Question 10

What gas is produced during the Hall-Héroult process for production of aluminum?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorine, Cl2 
B)  oxygen, O2 
C)  hydrogen, H2 
D)  ammonia, NH3 
E)  carbon dioxide, CO2 
A)  chlorine, Cl2 
B)  oxygen, O2 
C)  hydrogen, H2 
D)  ammonia, NH3 
E)  carbon dioxide, CO2

Question 11

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  atmospheric 
C)  industrial 
D)  industrial F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 atmospheric 
E)  industrial F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 biological 
A)  biological 
B)  atmospheric 
C)  industrial 
D)  industrial F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 atmospheric 
E)  industrial F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 biological

Question 13

In the industrial electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (the chlor-alkali process), the modern trend is toward the use of cells incorporating polymer membranes to separate the anode and cathode solutions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H2) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T2).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphides 
B)  phosphites 
C)  phosphors 
D)  phosphates 
E)  elemental phosphorus 
A)  phosphides 
B)  phosphites 
C)  phosphors 
D)  phosphates 
E)  elemental phosphorus

Question 16

The Frasch process is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  convert aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum. 
B)  convert copper ore to copper sulfide. 
C)  mine magnesium. 
D)  mine elemental sulfur. 
E)  produce sodium metal. 
A)  convert aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum. 
B)  convert copper ore to copper sulfide. 
C)  mine magnesium. 
D)  mine elemental sulfur. 
E)  produce sodium metal.

Question 17

Briefly describe the three main pathways for nitrogen fixation.

Accepted Answer

1. Atmospheric. N₂ and O₂ gases combine di

Question 18

The ______________ process uses a boiling 30% sodium hydroxide solution to treat bauxite.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bayer 
B)  Hall-Heroult 
C)  Dow 
D)  Frasch 
E)  Haber 
A)  Bayer 
B)  Hall-Heroult 
C)  Dow 
D)  Frasch 
E)  Haber

Question 19

Aluminum and magnesium form are light metals which are used in many structural applications. Although they are highly active metals (as their electrode potentials suggest), they can often be used without the use of paint or other applied finishes to protect them against corrosion. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

Both Al and Mg have strong, adherent, re

Question 20

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sodalite. 
B)  limestone. 
C)  halite. 
D)  galena. 
E)  pyrite. 
A)  sodalite. 
B)  limestone. 
C)  halite. 
D)  galena. 
E)  pyrite.

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

Alloying a metal is done to

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

The main end use of sulfuric acid is

In the commercial production of aluminum metal, the final stage involves the reaction 2Al2O3(in molten Na3AlF6) + 3C(graphite)  4Al(l) + 3CO2(g) Briefly outline the method and equipment with which the reaction is accomplished.

Pyrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

When nitrogen undergoes atmospheric fixation, it enters the sea and land in the form of

Give two important reasons why there is so much more Na+ in the oceans than K+, despite their similar abundances in the earth's crust.

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

What gas is produced during the Hall-Héroult process for production of aluminum?

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

In the industrial electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (the chlor-alkali process), the modern trend is toward the use of cells incorporating polymer membranes to separate the anode and cathode solutions.

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H2) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T2).

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

The Frasch process is used to

Briefly describe the three main pathways for nitrogen fixation.

The ______________ process uses a boiling 30% sodium hydroxide solution to treat bauxite.

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

Keys to the Study of Chemistry

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main Group Elements: Bonding, Structure, and Reactivity

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

In the commercial production of aluminum metal, the final stage involves the reaction 2Al₂O₃(in molten Na₃AlF₆) + 3C(graphite)  4Al(l) + 3CO₂(g) Briefly outline the method and equipment with which the reaction is accomplished.

Give two important reasons why there is so much more Na⁺ in the oceans than K⁺, despite their similar abundances in the earth's crust.

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H₂) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T₂).