Question 1

Intelligence tests are most likely to be considered culturally biased in terms of their

Accepted Answer

A)  content validity. 
B)  predictive validity. 
C)  social construction. 
D)  heritability. 
A)  content validity. 
B)  predictive validity. 
C)  social construction. 
D)  heritability.

Question 2

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  polygenetic effects. 
B)  heritability. 
C)  a deprived environment. 
D)  a genetic disorder. 
A)  polygenetic effects. 
B)  heritability. 
C)  a deprived environment. 
D)  a genetic disorder.

Question 3

Twin and adoption studies are helpful for assessing

Accepted Answer

A)  the validity of intelligence tests. 
B)  whether intelligence tests are biased. 
C)  the heritability of intelligence. 
D)  group differences in intelligence test scores. 
A)  the validity of intelligence tests. 
B)  whether intelligence tests are biased. 
C)  the heritability of intelligence. 
D)  group differences in intelligence test scores.

Question 4

On which of the following tasks are women most likely to perform as well as or better than men?

Accepted Answer

A)  playing checkers 
B)  reciting poetry 
C)  playing video games 
D)  copying geometric designs 
A)  playing checkers 
B)  reciting poetry 
C)  playing video games 
D)  copying geometric designs

Question 5

In one massive study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries,the heritability of general intelligence (g)________ between middle childhood and adolescence and it ________ between adolescence and young adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased;decreased 
B)  increased;increased 
C)  decreased;increased 
D)  increased;decreased 
A)  decreased;decreased 
B)  increased;increased 
C)  decreased;increased 
D)  increased;decreased

Question 6

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  school desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of Black American children. 
B)  the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian students are higher than those of North American students. 
C)  among American Blacks,those with the most African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores. 
D)  the Black-White difference in intelligence test scores has increased in recent years. 
A)  school desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of Black American children. 
B)  the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian students are higher than those of North American students. 
C)  among American Blacks,those with the most African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores. 
D)  the Black-White difference in intelligence test scores has increased in recent years.

Question 7

Women have scored ________ on math tests when no male test-takers were in the tested group,and Blacks have scored ________ when tested by Blacks than when tested by Whites.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower;lower 
B)  higher;higher 
C)  lower;higher 
D)  higher;lower 
A)  lower;lower 
B)  higher;higher 
C)  lower;higher 
D)  higher;lower

Question 8

When completing a verbal aptitude test,members of an ethnic minority group are particularly likely to perform below their true ability levels if they believe that the test

Accepted Answer

A)  is a measure of academic intelligence. 
B)  assesses their interests as well as their abilities. 
C)  is biased against members of their own ethnic group. 
D)  is not biased toward any group. 
A)  is a measure of academic intelligence. 
B)  assesses their interests as well as their abilities. 
C)  is biased against members of their own ethnic group. 
D)  is not biased toward any group.

Question 9

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  general intelligence scores predict performance on a variety of complex tasks. 
B)  the cognitive development of neglected children is often delayed. 
C)  identical twins raised together have more similar intelligence scores than fraternal twins raised together. 
D)  mental similarities between adopted children and their adoptive families increase with age. 
A)  general intelligence scores predict performance on a variety of complex tasks. 
B)  the cognitive development of neglected children is often delayed. 
C)  identical twins raised together have more similar intelligence scores than fraternal twins raised together. 
D)  mental similarities between adopted children and their adoptive families increase with age.

Question 10

Research suggests that girls are more skilled than boys at

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding emotional uncertainty. 
B)  preventing emotions from distorting reasoning. 
C)  detecting other people's emotions. 
D)  delaying emotional gratification in pursuit of long-term goals. 
A)  avoiding emotional uncertainty. 
B)  preventing emotions from distorting reasoning. 
C)  detecting other people's emotions. 
D)  delaying emotional gratification in pursuit of long-term goals.

Question 11

Jim,age 55,plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome.His concern actually undermines his athletic performance.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  a growth mindset. 
B)  epigenetics. 
C)  polygenetics. 
D)  stereotype threat. 
A)  a growth mindset. 
B)  epigenetics. 
C)  polygenetics. 
D)  stereotype threat.

Question 12

Many scientists question whether it is meaningful to identify racial differences in intelligence because they view race primarily as a(n)________ without well-defined boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  aptitude 
B)  g factor 
C)  social construction 
D)  normal curve 
A)  aptitude 
B)  g factor 
C)  social construction 
D)  normal curve

Question 13

Brenda notices that men tend to take more risks than women do.Based on what she has learned about evolutionary psychologist Steven Pinker,she is likely to attribute this observed difference to

Accepted Answer

A)  biology. 
B)  environment. 
C)  nurture. 
D)  experience. 
A)  biology. 
B)  environment. 
C)  nurture. 
D)  experience.

Question 14

Girls are ________ likely than boys to recall correctly where they placed their eyeglasses,and they are _______likely than boys to detect whether their father or mother is feeling stressed.

Accepted Answer

A)  less;more 
B)  more;less 
C)  less;less 
D)  more;more 
A)  less;more 
B)  more;less 
C)  less;less 
D)  more;more

Question 15

Experts who defend intelligence tests against accusations of racial bias note that racial differences in intelligence test scores

Accepted Answer

A)  have increased in the past decade despite the introduction of less culturally biased test items. 
B)  occur on nonverbal as well as verbal intelligence test subscales. 
C)  are a clear indication that the heritability of intelligence approaches 100 percent. 
D)  are just as significant as intelligence differences among members of a single race. 
A)  have increased in the past decade despite the introduction of less culturally biased test items. 
B)  occur on nonverbal as well as verbal intelligence test subscales. 
C)  are a clear indication that the heritability of intelligence approaches 100 percent. 
D)  are just as significant as intelligence differences among members of a single race.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience the stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

A)  John,who is taking the SAT with fellow classmates 
B)  Miguel,who is Mexican-American,is taking the ACT with his classmates,of which 90 percent are Mexican-American 
C)  Jackie,who attends an all-girl prep school,is taking the SAT with her classmates 
D)  Malik,who is the only African-American taking the ACT with white students 
A)  John,who is taking the SAT with fellow classmates 
B)  Miguel,who is Mexican-American,is taking the ACT with his classmates,of which 90 percent are Mexican-American 
C)  Jackie,who attends an all-girl prep school,is taking the SAT with her classmates 
D)  Malik,who is the only African-American taking the ACT with white students

Question 17

Shannon believes intelligence is a product of an interaction between genes and environmental influences.Shannon's position is consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetics. 
B)  polygenetics. 
C)  the family-environment effect. 
D)  growth mindset. 
A)  epigenetics. 
B)  polygenetics. 
C)  the family-environment effect. 
D)  growth mindset.

Exam 31: Introduction to Intelligence

Intelligence tests are most likely to be considered culturally biased in terms of their

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development as a result of

Twin and adoption studies are helpful for assessing

On which of the following tasks are women most likely to perform as well as or better than men?

In one massive study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries,the heritability of general intelligence (g)________ between middle childhood and adolescence and it ________ between adolescence and young adulthood.

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that

Women have scored ________ on math tests when no male test-takers were in the tested group,and Blacks have scored ________ when tested by Blacks than when tested by Whites.

When completing a verbal aptitude test,members of an ethnic minority group are particularly likely to perform below their true ability levels if they believe that the test

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that

Research suggests that girls are more skilled than boys at

Jim,age 55,plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome.His concern actually undermines his athletic performance.This best illustrates the impact of

Many scientists question whether it is meaningful to identify racial differences in intelligence because they view race primarily as a(n)________ without well-defined boundaries.

Brenda notices that men tend to take more risks than women do.Based on what she has learned about evolutionary psychologist Steven Pinker,she is likely to attribute this observed difference to

Girls are ________ likely than boys to recall correctly where they placed their eyeglasses,and they are _______likely than boys to detect whether their father or mother is feeling stressed.

Experts who defend intelligence tests against accusations of racial bias note that racial differences in intelligence test scores

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience the stereotype threat?

Shannon believes intelligence is a product of an interaction between genes and environmental influences.Shannon's position is consistent with

The History and Scope of Psychology

Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions

Neural and Hormonal Systems

The Brain

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Environmental Influences on Behavior, and Reflections on Nature and Nurture

Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Infancy and Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood, and Reflections on Developmental Issues

Introduction to Sensation and Perception

Vision

Hearing

Other Senses

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Interpretation

Waking and Sleeping Rhythms

Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Learning by Observation

Introduction to Memory

Encoding: Getting Information In

Storage: Retaining Information

Retrieval: Getting Information Out

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education

Thinking

Language and Thought

Assessing Intelligence

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Introduction to Motivation

Hunger

Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong

Motivation at Work

Introduction to Emotion

Experienced Emotion

Expressed Emotion

Stress and Illness

Coping With Stress

Modifying Illness-Related Behaviors

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Humanistic Perspective

Contemporary Research on Personality

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Mood Disorders

Schizophrenia

The Psychological Therapies

Evaluating Psychotherapies

The Biomedical Therapies

Social Thinking

Appendix

Filters

In one massive study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries,the heritability of general intelligence (g) between middle childhood and adolescence and it between adolescence and young adulthood.

Women have scored on math tests when no male test-takers were in the tested group,and Blacks have scored when tested by Blacks than when tested by Whites.

Girls are __ likely than boys to recall correctly where they placed their eyeglasses,and they are _likely than boys to detect whether their father or mother is feeling stressed.