Question 1

Normal K+ concentration in extracellular fluid is ________ mEq/L.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.5 
B) 1.5-3.0 
C) 3.5-5.0 
D) 5.5-7 
E) 135 
A) 1.5 
B) 1.5-3.0 
C) 3.5-5.0 
D) 5.5-7 
E) 135 C

Question 2

The release of natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the following response

Accepted Answer

A) decrease of ADH release. 
B) increase in aldosterone release. 
C) increase in epinephrine. 
D) increase in norepinephrine. 
E) increase in blood volume. 
A) decrease of ADH release. 
B) increase in aldosterone release. 
C) increase in epinephrine. 
D) increase in norepinephrine. 
E) increase in blood volume. A

Question 3

Define acidemia and alkalemia.

Accepted Answer

A) Acidemia is when pH decreases below 4.8 and alkalemia is when pH increases above 11.4. 
B) Acidemia is when pH increases above 7.45 and alkalemia is when pH decreases below 7.35. 
C) Acidemia is when pH increases above 11.4 and alkalemia is when pH decreases below 4.8. 
D) Acidemia is when pH decreases below 7.35 and alkalemia is when pH increases above 7.45. 
E) Acidemia is when pH decreases below 1 and alkalemia is when pH increases above 13. 
A) Acidemia is when pH decreases below 4.8 and alkalemia is when pH increases above 11.4. 
B) Acidemia is when pH increases above 7.45 and alkalemia is when pH decreases below 7.35. 
C) Acidemia is when pH increases above 11.4 and alkalemia is when pH decreases below 4.8. 
D) Acidemia is when pH decreases below 7.35 and alkalemia is when pH increases above 7.45. 
E) Acidemia is when pH decreases below 1 and alkalemia is when pH increases above 13. D

Question 4

Compare the three categories of acids.

Accepted Answer

Volatile acids can leave solut

Question 5

Which of the following is required as a cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) manganese 
B) phosphorus 
C) zinc 
D) copper 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) manganese 
B) phosphorus 
C) zinc 
D) copper 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

Which fluids are buffered by the phosphate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

A) ECF,blood plasma 
B) ICF,blood plasma 
C) ICF,ECF,blood plasma 
D) ECF,urine 
E) ICF,urine 
A) ECF,blood plasma 
B) ICF,blood plasma 
C) ICF,ECF,blood plasma 
D) ECF,urine 
E) ICF,urine

Question 7

About two-thirds of the body's fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) intracellular 
B) intercellular 
C) extracellular 
D) interstitial 
E) vital 
A) intracellular 
B) intercellular 
C) extracellular 
D) interstitial 
E) vital

Question 8

What effect does aldosterone have on sodium ion concentration in the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A) Aldosterone increases urinary sodium retention and therefore decreases sodium ion concentration in ECF. 
B) Aldosterone decreases urinary sodium retention and therefore increases sodium ion concentration in ECF. 
C) Aldosterone decreases urinary sodium retention and therefore decreases sodium ion concentration in the ECF. 
D) Aldosterone does not affect urinary sodium retention and therefore has no effect on sodium ion concentration in ECF. 
E) Aldosterone increases urinary sodium retention and therefore increases sodium ion concentration in ECF. 
A) Aldosterone increases urinary sodium retention and therefore decreases sodium ion concentration in ECF. 
B) Aldosterone decreases urinary sodium retention and therefore increases sodium ion concentration in ECF. 
C) Aldosterone decreases urinary sodium retention and therefore decreases sodium ion concentration in the ECF. 
D) Aldosterone does not affect urinary sodium retention and therefore has no effect on sodium ion concentration in ECF. 
E) Aldosterone increases urinary sodium retention and therefore increases sodium ion concentration in ECF.

Question 9

A(n)________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed 
B) organic 
C) volatile 
D) weak 
E) hydrophobic 
A) fixed 
B) organic 
C) volatile 
D) weak 
E) hydrophobic

Question 10

Hypoventilation leads to

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 11

Identify the electrolytes absorbed by active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium,calcium,magnesium,iron,phosphate,and sulfate 
B) potassium,chloride,iron,and iodide 
C) hydrogen,bicarbonate,sulfate,and potassium 
D) chloride,iodide,and nitrate 
E) zinc,copper,chloride,and calcium 
A) sodium,calcium,magnesium,iron,phosphate,and sulfate 
B) potassium,chloride,iron,and iodide 
C) hydrogen,bicarbonate,sulfate,and potassium 
D) chloride,iodide,and nitrate 
E) zinc,copper,chloride,and calcium

Question 12

When is your body in acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A) when the loss of hydrogen ions is offset by the production of bicarbonate ions and pH becomes alkaline 
B) when the production of hydrogen ions exceeds the loss of hydrogen ions and pH becomes acidic 
C) when the loss of hydrogen ions exceeds the production of hydrogen ions and pH becomes alkaline 
D) when the production of hydrogen ions is precisely offset by the production of sodium ions and pH remains within normal limits 
E) when the production of hydrogen ions is precisely offset by their loss and pH remains within normal limits 
A) when the loss of hydrogen ions is offset by the production of bicarbonate ions and pH becomes alkaline 
B) when the production of hydrogen ions exceeds the loss of hydrogen ions and pH becomes acidic 
C) when the loss of hydrogen ions exceeds the production of hydrogen ions and pH becomes alkaline 
D) when the production of hydrogen ions is precisely offset by the production of sodium ions and pH remains within normal limits 
E) when the production of hydrogen ions is precisely offset by their loss and pH remains within normal limits

Question 13

Describe a fluid shift.

Accepted Answer

A) A fluid shift is a slow transfer of water from the ECF into the ICF. 
B) A fluid shift is a slow transfer of water from the ICF into the ECF. 
C) A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water from the ECF and ICF into the solid components in response to an osmotic gradient. 
D) A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water from the solid compartments into the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient. 
E) A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water between the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient. 
A) A fluid shift is a slow transfer of water from the ECF into the ICF. 
B) A fluid shift is a slow transfer of water from the ICF into the ECF. 
C) A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water from the ECF and ICF into the solid components in response to an osmotic gradient. 
D) A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water from the solid compartments into the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient. 
E) A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water between the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient.

Question 14

Which solid component makes up most of the body mass?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates 
B) minerals 
C) lipids 
D) vitamins 
E) proteins 
A) carbohydrates 
B) minerals 
C) lipids 
D) vitamins 
E) proteins

Question 15

With regard to mineral balance,the primary site of ion loss in the body is

Accepted Answer

A) the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon. 
B) sweat gland secretions. 
C) the skeleton. 
D) the kidneys. 
E) the liver. 
A) the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon. 
B) sweat gland secretions. 
C) the skeleton. 
D) the kidneys. 
E) the liver.

Question 16

What intermediate compound formed from water and carbon dioxide directly affects the pH of the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate 
B) carbonic acid 
C) carbonic anhydrase 
D) hydrogen 
E) hydroxide 
A) bicarbonate 
B) carbonic acid 
C) carbonic anhydrase 
D) hydrogen 
E) hydroxide

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) epinephrine 
C) aldosterone 
D) natriuretic peptides 
E) norepinephrine 
A) ADH 
B) epinephrine 
C) aldosterone 
D) natriuretic peptides 
E) norepinephrine

Question 18

In an adult female,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A) 60 
B) 50 
C) 40 
D) 70 
E) 80 
A) 60 
B) 50 
C) 40 
D) 70 
E) 80

Question 19

If the kidneys are conserving HCO3- and eliminating H+ in acidic urine,which is occurring: metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic alkalosis 
B) metabolic acidosis 
A) metabolic alkalosis 
B) metabolic acidosis

Question 20

Explain dehydration and its effect on the osmotic concentration of blood.

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration occurs when water gains outpace water losses causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to decrease. 
B) Dehydration occurs when water losses outpace water gain causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to decrease. 
C) Dehydration occurs when water gains outpace water losses causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to increase. 
D) Dehydration occurs when water losses outpace water gain causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to increase. 
E) Dehydration occurs when water losses equal water gains but the osmotic concentration of the ICF increases. 
A) Dehydration occurs when water gains outpace water losses causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to decrease. 
B) Dehydration occurs when water losses outpace water gain causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to decrease. 
C) Dehydration occurs when water gains outpace water losses causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to increase. 
D) Dehydration occurs when water losses outpace water gain causing the osmotic concentration of blood plasma to increase. 
E) Dehydration occurs when water losses equal water gains but the osmotic concentration of the ICF increases.

Exam 25: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Normal K+ concentration in extracellular fluid is ________ mEq/L.

The release of natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the following response

Define acidemia and alkalemia.

Compare the three categories of acids.

Which of the following is required as a cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis?

Which fluids are buffered by the phosphate buffer system?

About two-thirds of the body's fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

What effect does aldosterone have on sodium ion concentration in the ECF?

A(n)________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Hypoventilation leads to

Identify the electrolytes absorbed by active transport.

When is your body in acid-base balance?

Describe a fluid shift.

Which solid component makes up most of the body mass?

With regard to mineral balance,the primary site of ion loss in the body is

What intermediate compound formed from water and carbon dioxide directly affects the pH of the ECF?

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

In an adult female,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

If the kidneys are conserving HCO3- and eliminating H+ in acidic urine,which is occurring: metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis?

Explain dehydration and its effect on the osmotic concentration of blood.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Normal K⁺ concentration in extracellular fluid is ________ mEq/L.

If the kidneys are conserving HCO₃- and eliminating H⁺ in acidic urine,which is occurring: metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis?