Question 1

If the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed,

Accepted Answer

A) output to skeletal muscles would be blocked. 
B) output to visceral organs would be blocked. 
C) the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level. 
D) the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord. 
E) sensory input would be blocked. 
A) output to skeletal muscles would be blocked. 
B) output to visceral organs would be blocked. 
C) the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level. 
D) the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord. 
E) sensory input would be blocked. E

Question 2

What would happen if the posterior root of a spinal nerve were completely transected?

Accepted Answer

The posterior roots contain axons of sensory neurons,so input from those afferents within the severed root would not be transmitted to the CNS and thus this lesion would result in a complete loss of feeling from the body region served by the afferent fibers in that posterior root.

Question 3

Reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are called

Accepted Answer

A) ipsilateral. 
B) bilateral. 
C) contralateral. 
D) collateral. 
E) antilateral. 
A) ipsilateral. 
B) bilateral. 
C) contralateral. 
D) collateral. 
E) antilateral. C

Question 4

Sensory input from interoceptors of the body walls and limbs is carried to the spinal nerve via the

Accepted Answer

A) posterior rami. 
B) anterior rami. 
C) anterior horn. 
D) gray rami. 
E) sympathetic nerves. 
A) posterior rami. 
B) anterior rami. 
C) anterior horn. 
D) gray rami. 
E) sympathetic nerves.

Question 5

The anterior rami form four major plexuses,including all of the following except the ________ plexus.

Accepted Answer

A) brachial 
B) lumbar 
C) sacral 
D) nuchal 
E) cervical 
A) brachial 
B) lumbar 
C) sacral 
D) nuchal 
E) cervical

Question 6

A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a

Accepted Answer

A) cervical enlargement. 
B) lumbar enlargement. 
C) spinal nerve. 
D) spinal meninx. 
E) spinal ganglion. 
A) cervical enlargement. 
B) lumbar enlargement. 
C) spinal nerve. 
D) spinal meninx. 
E) spinal ganglion.

Question 7

When an anesthetic blocks the function of the anterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves,which areas of the body will be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) skin and muscles of the lateral surface of the forearm 
B) skin and muscles of the arm and forearm 
C) skin and muscles of the back of the neck and of the shoulders 
D) skin over anteromedial thigh and portions of external genitalia 
E) muscles of the face 
A) skin and muscles of the lateral surface of the forearm 
B) skin and muscles of the arm and forearm 
C) skin and muscles of the back of the neck and of the shoulders 
D) skin over anteromedial thigh and portions of external genitalia 
E) muscles of the face

Question 8

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the

Accepted Answer

A) perineurium. 
B) epineurium. 
C) endoneurium. 
D) epimysium. 
E) endosteum. 
A) perineurium. 
B) epineurium. 
C) endoneurium. 
D) epimysium. 
E) endosteum.

Question 9

The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the

Accepted Answer

A) endoneurium. 
B) endomysium. 
C) perineurium. 
D) epineurium. 
E) epimysium. 
A) endoneurium. 
B) endomysium. 
C) perineurium. 
D) epineurium. 
E) epimysium.

Question 10

In the patellar reflex,how does stimulation of the muscle spindle by gamma motor neurons affect sensitivity and reaction time?

Accepted Answer

A) The muscle spindles become more sensitive and the reflex response occurs more quickly. 
B) The muscle spindles become more sensitive and the reflex response occurs more slowly. 
C) The muscle spindles become less sensitive and the reflex response occurs more quickly. 
D) The muscle spindles become less sensitive and the reflex response occurs more slowly. 
E) The muscle spindles become more sensitive but the reflex response time does not change. 
A) The muscle spindles become more sensitive and the reflex response occurs more quickly. 
B) The muscle spindles become more sensitive and the reflex response occurs more slowly. 
C) The muscle spindles become less sensitive and the reflex response occurs more quickly. 
D) The muscle spindles become less sensitive and the reflex response occurs more slowly. 
E) The muscle spindles become more sensitive but the reflex response time does not change.

Question 11

The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles.

Accepted Answer

A) stretch 
B) tendon 
C) flexor 
D) crossed extensor 
E) reciprocal 
A) stretch 
B) tendon 
C) flexor 
D) crossed extensor 
E) reciprocal

Question 12

Define nerve plexus,and list the major nerve plexuses.

Accepted Answer

A) A nerve plexus is a pair of spinal nerves serving a single dermatome; cervical,brachial,lumbar,and sacral 
B) A nerve plexus is a collection of all the sensory neurons; cervical,thoracic,lumbar,and sacral 
C) A nerve plexus is a collection of all the motor neurons; cervical,thoracic,lumbar,and sacral 
D) A nerve plexus is a bundle of sympathetic nerve fibers; cervical,thoracic,brachial,lumbar,sacral,and coccygeal 
E) A nerve plexus is a complex,interwoven network of nerves; cervical,brachial,lumbar,and sacral 
A) A nerve plexus is a pair of spinal nerves serving a single dermatome; cervical,brachial,lumbar,and sacral 
B) A nerve plexus is a collection of all the sensory neurons; cervical,thoracic,lumbar,and sacral 
C) A nerve plexus is a collection of all the motor neurons; cervical,thoracic,lumbar,and sacral 
D) A nerve plexus is a bundle of sympathetic nerve fibers; cervical,thoracic,brachial,lumbar,sacral,and coccygeal 
E) A nerve plexus is a complex,interwoven network of nerves; cervical,brachial,lumbar,and sacral

Question 13

In a ________ neuronal pool,one neuron synapses on several postsynaptic neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) parallel processing 
B) reverberating 
C) converging 
D) diverging 
E) serial processing 
A) parallel processing 
B) reverberating 
C) converging 
D) diverging 
E) serial processing

Question 14

The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord are called

Accepted Answer

A) wings. 
B) horns. 
C) pyramids. 
D) fibers. 
E) tracts. 
A) wings. 
B) horns. 
C) pyramids. 
D) fibers. 
E) tracts.

Question 15

A complex,interwoven network of nerves is called a

Accepted Answer

A) nerve ganglion. 
B) nerve plexus. 
C) spinal cord. 
D) spinal plexus. 
E) ramus. 
A) nerve ganglion. 
B) nerve plexus. 
C) spinal cord. 
D) spinal plexus. 
E) ramus.

Question 16

All of the following are a part of a monosynaptic reflex arc except

Accepted Answer

A) effector. 
B) interneuron. 
C) CNS processing. 
D) motor neuron. 
E) sensory neuron. 
A) effector. 
B) interneuron. 
C) CNS processing. 
D) motor neuron. 
E) sensory neuron.

Question 17

Which ramus provides sensory and motor innervation to the skin and skeletal muscles of the back?

Accepted Answer

A) lateral ramus 
B) rami communicantes 
C) anterior ramus 
D) posterior ramus 
E) medial ramus 
A) lateral ramus 
B) rami communicantes 
C) anterior ramus 
D) posterior ramus 
E) medial ramus

Question 18

Figure 12-1
-Identify the structure labeled "1."

Accepted Answer

A) anterior white column 
B) lateral white column 
C) lateral white horn 
D) median commissure 
E) posterior white column 
A) anterior white column 
B) lateral white column 
C) lateral white horn 
D) median commissure 
E) posterior white column

Question 19

Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) where they are initiated. 
B) where information processing occurs. 
C) the motor response. 
D) the complexity of the neural circuit. 
E) whether they are sensory or motor. 
A) where they are initiated. 
B) where information processing occurs. 
C) the motor response. 
D) the complexity of the neural circuit. 
E) whether they are sensory or motor.

Question 20

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

Accepted Answer

A) sensory nuclei. 
B) somatic motor nuclei. 
C) autonomic motor nuclei. 
D) nerve tracts. 
E) sympathetic nuclei. 
A) sensory nuclei. 
B) somatic motor nuclei. 
C) autonomic motor nuclei. 
D) nerve tracts. 
E) sympathetic nuclei.

Exam 12: The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

If the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed,

What would happen if the posterior root of a spinal nerve were completely transected?

Reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are called

Sensory input from interoceptors of the body walls and limbs is carried to the spinal nerve via the

The anterior rami form four major plexuses,including all of the following except the ________ plexus.

A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a

When an anesthetic blocks the function of the anterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves,which areas of the body will be affected?

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the

The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the

In the patellar reflex,how does stimulation of the muscle spindle by gamma motor neurons affect sensitivity and reaction time?

The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles.

Define nerve plexus,and list the major nerve plexuses.

In a ________ neuronal pool,one neuron synapses on several postsynaptic neurons.

The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord are called

A complex,interwoven network of nerves is called a

All of the following are a part of a monosynaptic reflex arc except

Which ramus provides sensory and motor innervation to the skin and skeletal muscles of the back?

Figure 12-1 -Identify the structure labeled "1."

Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following except

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters