Question 1

The ________ is formed by a portion of the allantois,blood vessels,and remnants of the yolk sac.

Accepted Answer

A) amnion 
B) body stalk 
C) chorion 
D) umbilical cord 
E) placenta 
A) amnion 
B) body stalk 
C) chorion 
D) umbilical cord 
E) placenta D

Question 2

What is postnatal development?

Accepted Answer

A) Postnatal development refers to the events that occur during the first 2 months after fertilization. 
B) Postnatal development begins at the 9th week and continues until birth. 
C) Postnatal development begins at birth and continues to maturity. 
D) Postnatal development refers to the events of the first and second trimesters. 
E) Postnatal development refers to the events of the third trimester. 
A) Postnatal development refers to the events that occur during the first 2 months after fertilization. 
B) Postnatal development begins at the 9th week and continues until birth. 
C) Postnatal development begins at birth and continues to maturity. 
D) Postnatal development refers to the events of the first and second trimesters. 
E) Postnatal development refers to the events of the third trimester. C

Question 3

When does the placenta become sufficiently functional to continue the pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) after one week 
B) after one month 
C) after nine weeks 
D) after the first trimester 
E) after the second trimester 
A) after one week 
B) after one month 
C) after nine weeks 
D) after the first trimester 
E) after the second trimester D

Question 4

Compare strict dominance with codominance.

Accepted Answer

A) In strict dominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait.In codominance,both alleles are expressed so a heterozygote will exhibit both the phenotypes for the trait. 
B) In strict dominance,both alleles are expressed so a heterozygote will exhibit both the phenotypes for the trait.In codominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait. 
C) In strict dominance,only the dominant allele is even present so the only phenotype expressed is that of the dominant allele.In codominance,only the recessive allele is even present so the only phenotype expressed is that of the recessive allele. 
D) In strict dominance,heterozygous alleles produce a phenotype that is intermediate to the phenotypes of individuals who are homozygous for one allele or the other.In codominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait. 
E) In strict dominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait.In codominance,heterozygous alleles produce a phenotype that is intermediate to the phenotypes of individuals who are homozygous for one allele or the other. 
A) In strict dominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait.In codominance,both alleles are expressed so a heterozygote will exhibit both the phenotypes for the trait. 
B) In strict dominance,both alleles are expressed so a heterozygote will exhibit both the phenotypes for the trait.In codominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait. 
C) In strict dominance,only the dominant allele is even present so the only phenotype expressed is that of the dominant allele.In codominance,only the recessive allele is even present so the only phenotype expressed is that of the recessive allele. 
D) In strict dominance,heterozygous alleles produce a phenotype that is intermediate to the phenotypes of individuals who are homozygous for one allele or the other.In codominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait. 
E) In strict dominance,one allele dominates another so a heterozygote will exhibit the dominant phenotype for the trait.In codominance,heterozygous alleles produce a phenotype that is intermediate to the phenotypes of individuals who are homozygous for one allele or the other.

Question 5

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta is the

Accepted Answer

A) yolk sac. 
B) amnion. 
C) allantois. 
D) chorion. 
A) yolk sac. 
B) amnion. 
C) allantois. 
D) chorion.

Question 6

Identify the structure connecting the fetus to the placenta,and name the extra-embryonic membrane from which it is derived.

Accepted Answer

A) yolk sac; allantois 
B) yolk sac; chorion 
C) umbilical cord; allantois 
D) umbilical cord; chorion 
E) umbilical cord; amnion 
A) yolk sac; allantois 
B) yolk sac; chorion 
C) umbilical cord; allantois 
D) umbilical cord; chorion 
E) umbilical cord; amnion

Question 7

Why are numerous sperm required to fertilize a secondary oocyte?

Accepted Answer

A) Multiple sperm are needed to have the required number of chromosomes for the zygote. 
B) Acrosomal enzymes from multiple sperm are needed to penetrate the corona radiata. 
C) Multiple sperm are needed because the male pronucleus is smaller than the female pronucleus. 
D) Multiple sperm are needed to increase the extracellular calcium levels. 
E) Multiple sperm are needed to provide organelles to the zygote. 
A) Multiple sperm are needed to have the required number of chromosomes for the zygote. 
B) Acrosomal enzymes from multiple sperm are needed to penetrate the corona radiata. 
C) Multiple sperm are needed because the male pronucleus is smaller than the female pronucleus. 
D) Multiple sperm are needed to increase the extracellular calcium levels. 
E) Multiple sperm are needed to provide organelles to the zygote.

Question 8

Figure 27-2
-Identify the structure labeled "7."

Accepted Answer

A) amnion 
B) chorion 
C) myometrium 
D) placenta 
E) endometrium 
A) amnion 
B) chorion 
C) myometrium 
D) placenta 
E) endometrium

Question 9

A zygote whose genotype is XY will develop as a

Accepted Answer

A) male. 
B) female. 
A) male. 
B) female.

Question 10

Describe the trophoblast.

Accepted Answer

A) The trophoblast is the cell layer surrounding the blastocyst. 
B) The trophoblast is the fluid-filled chamber filled with amniotic fluid. 
C) The trophoblast is a solid ball of cells. 
D) The trophoblast is the inner cavity within the blastocyst. 
E) The trophoblast is a pre-embryo at the four-cell stage. 
A) The trophoblast is the cell layer surrounding the blastocyst. 
B) The trophoblast is the fluid-filled chamber filled with amniotic fluid. 
C) The trophoblast is a solid ball of cells. 
D) The trophoblast is the inner cavity within the blastocyst. 
E) The trophoblast is a pre-embryo at the four-cell stage.

Question 11

Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane does not cause

Accepted Answer

A) oocyte activation. 
B) completion of the second meiosis. 
C) formation of the second polar body. 
D) membrane fusion. 
E) a decrease in calcium released from the oocyte. 
A) oocyte activation. 
B) completion of the second meiosis. 
C) formation of the second polar body. 
D) membrane fusion. 
E) a decrease in calcium released from the oocyte.

Question 12

Which of the following descriptors regarding the trophoblast is false?

Accepted Answer

A) spreads into the endometrium 
B) absorbs nutrients released by degenerating endometrial glands 
C) has both a syncytial and cellular component 
D) is derived from the inner cell mass 
E) causes maternal blood vessels to break down 
A) spreads into the endometrium 
B) absorbs nutrients released by degenerating endometrial glands 
C) has both a syncytial and cellular component 
D) is derived from the inner cell mass 
E) causes maternal blood vessels to break down

Question 13

List and describe the factors involved in initiating labor contractions.

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing estrogen levels causes cervical dilation and endometrial contractions. 
B) Relaxin causes cervical dilation,fetal weight distorts the myometrium,and the distortion of the cervix and the myometrium triggers release of oxytocin. 
C) Inhibin causes cervical dilation,fetal weight distorts the myometrium,and the distortion of the cervix and myometrium triggers the release of prolactin. 
D) Relaxin causes cervical dilation,fetal weight distorts the myometrium,and the distortion of the cervix and myometrium triggers the release of inhibin. 
E) Falling levels of estrogen and prosterone cause cervical dilation and the shedding of the functional layer which causes myometrial contractions. 
A) Decreasing estrogen levels causes cervical dilation and endometrial contractions. 
B) Relaxin causes cervical dilation,fetal weight distorts the myometrium,and the distortion of the cervix and the myometrium triggers release of oxytocin. 
C) Inhibin causes cervical dilation,fetal weight distorts the myometrium,and the distortion of the cervix and myometrium triggers the release of prolactin. 
D) Relaxin causes cervical dilation,fetal weight distorts the myometrium,and the distortion of the cervix and myometrium triggers the release of inhibin. 
E) Falling levels of estrogen and prosterone cause cervical dilation and the shedding of the functional layer which causes myometrial contractions.

Question 14

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the

Accepted Answer

A) yolk sac. 
B) amnion. 
C) allantois. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) yolk sac. 
B) amnion. 
C) allantois. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

How can you tell that the karyotype shown here is male?

Accepted Answer

A) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. 
B) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY. 
C) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is YY. 
D) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is YO. 
E) There are only 22 pairs of chromosomes. 
A) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. 
B) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY. 
C) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is YY. 
D) The 23rd pair of chromosomes is YO. 
E) There are only 22 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 16

Why does a man have a deeper voice and a larger larynx than a woman?

Accepted Answer

A) During fetal development,males lay down more laryngeal tissue than females causing a deeper voice. 
B) Males are typically larger than females and their larynx is also larger causing a deeper voice. 
C) Males do not talk as much as females so their laryngeal musculature is not as well developed causing a larger larynx and a deeper voice. 
D) During puberty,testosterone causes greater laryngeal development than estrogen so a male will have a larger larynx and a deeper voice. 
E) Males have proportionally larger necks than females so the development of the larynx has more room to expand and this causes a deeper voice. 
A) During fetal development,males lay down more laryngeal tissue than females causing a deeper voice. 
B) Males are typically larger than females and their larynx is also larger causing a deeper voice. 
C) Males do not talk as much as females so their laryngeal musculature is not as well developed causing a larger larynx and a deeper voice. 
D) During puberty,testosterone causes greater laryngeal development than estrogen so a male will have a larger larynx and a deeper voice. 
E) Males have proportionally larger necks than females so the development of the larynx has more room to expand and this causes a deeper voice.

Question 17

The individual cells produced by cleavage are called

Accepted Answer

A) embryos. 
B) blastomeres. 
C) blastocytes. 
D) blastocysts. 
E) zygotes. 
A) embryos. 
B) blastomeres. 
C) blastocytes. 
D) blastocysts. 
E) zygotes.

Question 18

How many chromosomes are contained within a human zygote?

Accepted Answer

A) 8 
B) 23 
C) 32 
D) 46 
E) 64 
A) 8 
B) 23 
C) 32 
D) 46 
E) 64

Question 19

During amphimixis,

Accepted Answer

A) sperm become capacitated. 
B) the zygote is formed with 46 chromosomes. 
C) the male and female pronuclei fuse. 
D) meiosis occurs. 
E) gametes are formed. 
A) sperm become capacitated. 
B) the zygote is formed with 46 chromosomes. 
C) the male and female pronuclei fuse. 
D) meiosis occurs. 
E) gametes are formed.

Question 20

Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen. 
B) progesterone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) relaxin. 
E) chorionic gonadotropin. 
A) estrogen. 
B) progesterone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) relaxin. 
E) chorionic gonadotropin.

Exam 27: Development and Inheritance

The ________ is formed by a portion of the allantois,blood vessels,and remnants of the yolk sac.

What is postnatal development?

When does the placenta become sufficiently functional to continue the pregnancy?

Compare strict dominance with codominance.

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta is the

Identify the structure connecting the fetus to the placenta,and name the extra-embryonic membrane from which it is derived.

Why are numerous sperm required to fertilize a secondary oocyte?

Figure 27-2 -Identify the structure labeled "7."

A zygote whose genotype is XY will develop as a

Describe the trophoblast.

Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane does not cause

Which of the following descriptors regarding the trophoblast is false?

List and describe the factors involved in initiating labor contractions.

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the

How can you tell that the karyotype shown here is male?

Why does a man have a deeper voice and a larger larynx than a woman?

The individual cells produced by cleavage are called

How many chromosomes are contained within a human zygote?

During amphimixis,

Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

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