Question 1

Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called

Accepted Answer

A) water-soluble vitamins. 
B) essential fatty acids. 
C) high-density lipoproteins. 
D) low-density lipoproteins. 
E) chylomicrons. 
A) water-soluble vitamins. 
B) essential fatty acids. 
C) high-density lipoproteins. 
D) low-density lipoproteins. 
E) chylomicrons. B

Question 2

Explain when glycolysis is important in cellular metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) When glucose is only fuel source. 
B) When beta-oxidation no longer produces sufficient ATP to fuel the cellular metabolism. 
C) When gluconeogenesis has decreased then glycolysis becomes important. 
D) When ATP must be produced aerobically. 
E) When ATP must be produced anaerobically. 
A) When glucose is only fuel source. 
B) When beta-oxidation no longer produces sufficient ATP to fuel the cellular metabolism. 
C) When gluconeogenesis has decreased then glycolysis becomes important. 
D) When ATP must be produced aerobically. 
E) When ATP must be produced anaerobically. E

Question 3

A high uric acid level (above 7.4 mg/dl)can lead to the painful condition known as

Accepted Answer

A) gout. 
B) rheumatoid arthritis. 
C) anorexia nervosa. 
D) lupus. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) gout. 
B) rheumatoid arthritis. 
C) anorexia nervosa. 
D) lupus. 
E) None of the answers is correct. A

Question 4

Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? What substances enter the cycle,and what substances leave it?

Accepted Answer

The citric acid cycle reaction sequence

Question 5

Define protein deficiency disease,and cite an example.

Accepted Answer

A) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and PKU is an example. 
B) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more non-essential amino acids and PKU is an example. 
C) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and gout is an example. 
D) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and ketoacidosis is an example. 
E) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and kwashiorkor is an example. 
A) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and PKU is an example. 
B) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more non-essential amino acids and PKU is an example. 
C) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and gout is an example. 
D) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and ketoacidosis is an example. 
E) Protein deficiency diseases are nutritional disorders resulting from a lack of one or more essential amino acids and kwashiorkor is an example.

Question 6

What happens to the ammonium ions that are removed from amino acids during deamination?

Accepted Answer

A) they combine with pyruvate and enter the citric acid cycle 
B) they combine with CO2 and enter the urea cycle 
C) they combine with fatty acids and enter beta-oxidation 
D) they are removed directly by the kidneys 
E) they combine with CO2 and are exhaled 
A) they combine with pyruvate and enter the citric acid cycle 
B) they combine with CO2 and enter the urea cycle 
C) they combine with fatty acids and enter beta-oxidation 
D) they are removed directly by the kidneys 
E) they combine with CO2 and are exhaled

Question 7

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state except that

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver. 
B) levels of blood glucose are elevated. 
C) ketone bodies may be formed. 
D) lipid mobilization occurs. 
E) gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver. 
A) glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver. 
B) levels of blood glucose are elevated. 
C) ketone bodies may be formed. 
D) lipid mobilization occurs. 
E) gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver.

Question 8

Name the heat conservation mechanism that conducts heat form deep arteries to adjacent deep veins in the limbs.

Accepted Answer

A) vasomotor flow 
B) peripheral vasodilation 
C) nonshivering thermogenesis 
D) shivering thermogenesis 
E) countercurrent exchange 
A) vasomotor flow 
B) peripheral vasodilation 
C) nonshivering thermogenesis 
D) shivering thermogenesis 
E) countercurrent exchange

Question 9

Glycolytic breakdown of glucose first results in ________ molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 pyruvate 
B) 4 NADH 
C) 4 ATP 
D) 2 CO2 
E) 2 H2O 
A) 2 pyruvate 
B) 4 NADH 
C) 4 ATP 
D) 2 CO2 
E) 2 H2O

Question 10

In the process of digestion,most nutrient absorption takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A) small intestine. 
B) stomach. 
C) large intestine. 
D) duodenum. 
E) liver. 
A) small intestine. 
B) stomach. 
C) large intestine. 
D) duodenum. 
E) liver.

Question 11

Why is digestion important?

Accepted Answer

Digestion is important because

Question 12

Define and describe the absorptive state.

Accepted Answer

A) It is the time before a meal when nutrient absorption is occurring,insulin is stimulating glucose uptake,glycogenesis,amino acid uptake,and protein synthesis. 
B) It is the time after a meal when nutrient absorption is occurring,insulin is stimulating glucose uptake,glycogenesis,amino acid uptake,and protein synthesis. 
C) It is the time before a meal when nutrient absorption is not under way and energy reserves are being used to meet energy demand. 
D) It is the time after a meal when nutrient absorption is not under way and energy reserves are being used to meet energy demand. 
A) It is the time before a meal when nutrient absorption is occurring,insulin is stimulating glucose uptake,glycogenesis,amino acid uptake,and protein synthesis. 
B) It is the time after a meal when nutrient absorption is occurring,insulin is stimulating glucose uptake,glycogenesis,amino acid uptake,and protein synthesis. 
C) It is the time before a meal when nutrient absorption is not under way and energy reserves are being used to meet energy demand. 
D) It is the time after a meal when nutrient absorption is not under way and energy reserves are being used to meet energy demand.

Question 13

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what?

Accepted Answer

A) citric acid 
B) NAD•H 
C) glutaraldehyde 
D) pyruvate 
E) phosphate 
A) citric acid 
B) NAD•H 
C) glutaraldehyde 
D) pyruvate 
E) phosphate

Question 14

Identify and briefly define two eating disorders.

Accepted Answer

Eating disorders are psycholog

Question 15

In transamination,the amino group of an amino acid is ________,yielding a different amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A) converted to ammonia 
B) converted to urea 
C) transferred to another molecule 
D) absorbed by water 
E) transferred to acetyl-CoA 
A) converted to ammonia 
B) converted to urea 
C) transferred to another molecule 
D) absorbed by water 
E) transferred to acetyl-CoA

Question 16

________ is an unhealthy state resulting from inadequate intake of one or more nutrients that becomes life-threatening as the deficiencies accumulate.

Accepted Answer

A) Anorexia 
B) Malnutrition 
C) Bulimia 
D) Protein deficiency disease 
E) Kwashiorkor 
A) Anorexia 
B) Malnutrition 
C) Bulimia 
D) Protein deficiency disease 
E) Kwashiorkor

Question 17

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin

Accepted Answer

A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) E. 
E) K. 
A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) E. 
E) K.

Question 18

A balanced diet would include all of the following,except

Accepted Answer

A) adequate substrates for the production of energy. 
B) essential amino acids and fatty acids. 
C) adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. 
D) both fat soluble and fat insoluble vitamins. 
E) enough calories to produce 100 million trillion ATPs. 
A) adequate substrates for the production of energy. 
B) essential amino acids and fatty acids. 
C) adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. 
D) both fat soluble and fat insoluble vitamins. 
E) enough calories to produce 100 million trillion ATPs.

Question 19

The major job of coenzymes in oxidative phosphorylation includes all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) release of hydrogen ions. 
B) ionization of hydrogen atoms. 
C) release of electrons to the first cytochrome of the electron transport chain. 
D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) release of hydrogen ions. 
B) ionization of hydrogen atoms. 
C) release of electrons to the first cytochrome of the electron transport chain. 
D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

Predict the effect of peripheral vasodilation on a person's body temperature.

Accepted Answer

A) Body temperature would increase. 
B) Body temperature would decrease. 
C) Body temperature would stay the same. 
A) Body temperature would increase. 
B) Body temperature would decrease. 
C) Body temperature would stay the same.

Exam 23: Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called

Explain when glycolysis is important in cellular metabolism.

A high uric acid level (above 7.4 mg/dl)can lead to the painful condition known as

Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? What substances enter the cycle,and what substances leave it?

Define protein deficiency disease,and cite an example.

What happens to the ammonium ions that are removed from amino acids during deamination?

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state except that

Name the heat conservation mechanism that conducts heat form deep arteries to adjacent deep veins in the limbs.

Glycolytic breakdown of glucose first results in ________ molecules.

In the process of digestion,most nutrient absorption takes place in the

Why is digestion important?

Define and describe the absorptive state.

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what?

Identify and briefly define two eating disorders.

In transamination,the amino group of an amino acid is ________,yielding a different amino acid.

________ is an unhealthy state resulting from inadequate intake of one or more nutrients that becomes life-threatening as the deficiencies accumulate.

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin

A balanced diet would include all of the following,except

The major job of coenzymes in oxidative phosphorylation includes all of the following except

Predict the effect of peripheral vasodilation on a person's body temperature.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters