Question 1

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram,the ventricles are electrically ________ and functionally ________.

Accepted Answer

A) depolarizing,; relaxing 
B) repolarizing; contracting 
C) depolarizing; contracting 
D) repolarizing; relaxing 
E) neutral; at rest 
A) depolarizing,; relaxing 
B) repolarizing; contracting 
C) depolarizing; contracting 
D) repolarizing; relaxing 
E) neutral; at rest D

Question 2

Describe slow calcium channels and the significance of their activity.

Accepted Answer

Slow calcium channels are voltage-gated calcium channels that open slowly and remain open for a relatively long period - about 175 msec.When they are open,the entry of calcium ions into the cell roughly balances the loss of sodium ions through the active transport of sodium ions.As a result,the membrane potential remains near 0 mV for an extended period.

Question 3

The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called

Accepted Answer

A) ventricular systole. 
B) ventricular diastole. 
C) atrial systole. 
D) atrial diastole. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) ventricular systole. 
B) ventricular diastole. 
C) atrial systole. 
D) atrial diastole. 
E) None of the answers is correct. C

Question 4

Compute Joe's stroke volume if his end-systolic volume (ESV)is 40 mL and his end-diastolic volume (EDV)is 125 mL.

Accepted Answer

A) 45 mL 
B) 85 mL 
C) 165 mL 
D) 500 mL 
E) 5000 mL 
A) 45 mL 
B) 85 mL 
C) 165 mL 
D) 500 mL 
E) 5000 mL

Question 5

Describe the structural and functional roles of the cardiac skeleton.

Accepted Answer

Structurally,the cardiac skele

Question 6

What effect would an increase in venous return have on the stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood,decreasing sarcomere length,which would decrease the stroke volume. 
B) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood,increasing sarcomere length,which would increase the stroke volume. 
C) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood,decreasing sarcomere length,which would increase the stroke volume. 
D) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood,decreasing sarcomere length,which would decrease the stroke volume. 
E) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood,increasing sarcomere length,which would decrease the stroke volume. 
A) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood,decreasing sarcomere length,which would decrease the stroke volume. 
B) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood,increasing sarcomere length,which would increase the stroke volume. 
C) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood,decreasing sarcomere length,which would increase the stroke volume. 
D) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood,decreasing sarcomere length,which would decrease the stroke volume. 
E) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood,increasing sarcomere length,which would decrease the stroke volume.

Question 7

Comparing the left ventricle with the right ventricle,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle. 
B) The left ventricle pumps against less resistance than the right ventricle. 
C) The left ventricle produces a lower pressure than the right. 
D) The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle. 
E) The right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle. 
A) The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle. 
B) The left ventricle pumps against less resistance than the right ventricle. 
C) The left ventricle produces a lower pressure than the right. 
D) The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle. 
E) The right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle.

Question 8

The cavity that contains only the heart is the

Accepted Answer

A) thoracic cavity. 
B) pericardial cavity. 
C) mediastinum. 
D) pleural cavity. 
E) anterior cavity. 
A) thoracic cavity. 
B) pericardial cavity. 
C) mediastinum. 
D) pleural cavity. 
E) anterior cavity.

Question 9

Figure 18-1
-Identify the structure labeled "19."

Accepted Answer

A) tricuspid valve 
B) pulmonary semilunar valve 
C) aortic semilunar valve 
D) bicuspid valve 
E) ligamentum arteriosum 
A) tricuspid valve 
B) pulmonary semilunar valve 
C) aortic semilunar valve 
D) bicuspid valve 
E) ligamentum arteriosum

Question 10

The wall(s)of the ________ rest(s)on the diaphragm.

Accepted Answer

A) left atrium 
B) left ventricle 
C) right atrium 
D) right ventricle 
E) right and left ventricles 
A) left atrium 
B) left ventricle 
C) right atrium 
D) right ventricle 
E) right and left ventricles

Question 11

Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole?

Accepted Answer

A) the peak pressure in the ventricle 
B) the peak pressure in the aorta 
C) Neither is greater. 
A) the peak pressure in the ventricle 
B) the peak pressure in the aorta 
C) Neither is greater.

Question 12

Which of the following descriptions matches the phrase "near the left fifth intercostal space"?

Accepted Answer

A) pericardial cavity 
B) visceral pericardium 
C) apex of heart 
D) aorta 
E) right atrium 
A) pericardial cavity 
B) visceral pericardium 
C) apex of heart 
D) aorta 
E) right atrium

Question 13

At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute,a cardiac cycle lasts

Accepted Answer

A) 60 seconds. 
B) less than a second. 
C) 1 second. 
D) 370 milliseconds. 
E) more than a second. 
A) 60 seconds. 
B) less than a second. 
C) 1 second. 
D) 370 milliseconds. 
E) more than a second.

Question 14

Which structures collect blood from the myocardium,and into which heart chamber does this blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A) Coronary arteries collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right atrium. 
B) Coronary arteries collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the left atrium. 
C) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right atrium. 
D) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the left atrium. 
E) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right ventricle. 
A) Coronary arteries collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right atrium. 
B) Coronary arteries collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the left atrium. 
C) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right atrium. 
D) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the left atrium. 
E) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right ventricle.

Question 15

List the important features of the ECG,and indicate what each represents.

Accepted Answer

A) P wave (atrial repolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (ventricular repolarization) 
B) P wave (atrial repolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (atrial depolarization) 
C) P wave (atrial depolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (ventricular repolarization) 
D) P wave (atrial depolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (atrial depolarization of the next cycle) 
E) P wave (atrial contraction),QRS complex (ventricular contraction),T wave (ventricular relaxation) 
A) P wave (atrial repolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (ventricular repolarization) 
B) P wave (atrial repolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (atrial depolarization) 
C) P wave (atrial depolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (ventricular repolarization) 
D) P wave (atrial depolarization),QRS complex (ventricular depolarization),T wave (atrial depolarization of the next cycle) 
E) P wave (atrial contraction),QRS complex (ventricular contraction),T wave (ventricular relaxation)

Question 16

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

Accepted Answer

A) right and left lungs. 
B) left ventricle. 
C) left atrium. 
D) aorta. 
E) right atrium. 
A) right and left lungs. 
B) left ventricle. 
C) left atrium. 
D) aorta. 
E) right atrium.

Question 17

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac tamponade. 
B) mitral valve prolapse. 
C) pleural effusion. 
D) cardiomyopathy. 
E) pericarditis. 
A) cardiac tamponade. 
B) mitral valve prolapse. 
C) pleural effusion. 
D) cardiomyopathy. 
E) pericarditis.

Question 18

Why can cardiac tamponade be a life-threatening condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because accumulating fluid in the pericardial cavity restricts heart movement. 
B) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because accumulating fluid in the mediastinum restricts heart movement. 
C) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because loss of fluid in the pericardial cavity causes friction which causes arrhythmias. 
D) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because loss of fluid in the mediastinum causes friction which causes arrhythmias. 
E) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because a hole in the heart leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
A) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because accumulating fluid in the pericardial cavity restricts heart movement. 
B) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because accumulating fluid in the mediastinum restricts heart movement. 
C) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because loss of fluid in the pericardial cavity causes friction which causes arrhythmias. 
D) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because loss of fluid in the mediastinum causes friction which causes arrhythmias. 
E) Cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening because a hole in the heart leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 19

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

A) The left ventricle is supplied with more coronary vasculature so it hypertrophies over time,whereas the right ventricle receives less blood so it atrophies over time. 
B) The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit,whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit. 
C) The left ventricle pumps a higher volume of blood to the systemic circuit than the volume of blood the right ventricle pumps to the pulmonary circuit. 
D) The left ventricle began forming earlier in development so it grew larger than the right ventricle. 
E) The left ventricle supplies blood to the brain and vital organs so it must be more reliable than the right ventricle which supplies blood to the limbs. 
A) The left ventricle is supplied with more coronary vasculature so it hypertrophies over time,whereas the right ventricle receives less blood so it atrophies over time. 
B) The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit,whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit. 
C) The left ventricle pumps a higher volume of blood to the systemic circuit than the volume of blood the right ventricle pumps to the pulmonary circuit. 
D) The left ventricle began forming earlier in development so it grew larger than the right ventricle. 
E) The left ventricle supplies blood to the brain and vital organs so it must be more reliable than the right ventricle which supplies blood to the limbs.

Question 20

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

Accepted Answer

A) the Purkinje fibers. 
B) the sinoatrial node. 
C) the atrioventricular node. 
D) the wall of the left ventricle. 
E) both the left and right ventricles. 
A) the Purkinje fibers. 
B) the sinoatrial node. 
C) the atrioventricular node. 
D) the wall of the left ventricle. 
E) both the left and right ventricles.

Exam 18: The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram,the ventricles are electrically ________ and functionally ________.

Describe slow calcium channels and the significance of their activity.

The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called

Compute Joe's stroke volume if his end-systolic volume (ESV)is 40 mL and his end-diastolic volume (EDV)is 125 mL.

Describe the structural and functional roles of the cardiac skeleton.

What effect would an increase in venous return have on the stroke volume?

Comparing the left ventricle with the right ventricle,which of the following is true?

The cavity that contains only the heart is the

Figure 18-1 -Identify the structure labeled "19."

The wall(s)of the ________ rest(s)on the diaphragm.

Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole?

Which of the following descriptions matches the phrase "near the left fifth intercostal space"?

At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute,a cardiac cycle lasts

Which structures collect blood from the myocardium,and into which heart chamber does this blood flow?

List the important features of the ECG,and indicate what each represents.

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

Why can cardiac tamponade be a life-threatening condition?

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle?

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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During the T wave of the electrocardiogram,the ventricles are electrically and functionally .