Question 1

The process of filtration occurs at the

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) distal convoluted tubule. 
C) collecting duct. 
D) nephron loop. 
E) glomerulus. 
A) proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) distal convoluted tubule. 
C) collecting duct. 
D) nephron loop. 
E) glomerulus. E

Question 2

Which of the following descriptions does not describe a function of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A) relies on countercurrent multiplication 
B) creates high NaCl concentration in the renal medulla 
C) enables production of hypertonic urine 
D) enables production of hypotonic urine 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) relies on countercurrent multiplication 
B) creates high NaCl concentration in the renal medulla 
C) enables production of hypertonic urine 
D) enables production of hypotonic urine 
E) None of the answers is correct. D

Question 3

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessels. 
B) lymphatics. 
C) the ureters. 
D) the urethra. 
E) the calyces. 
A) blood vessels. 
B) lymphatics. 
C) the ureters. 
D) the urethra. 
E) the calyces. C

Question 4

What are the two reflexes that control urination?

Accepted Answer

A) the pontine storage center and the pontine micturition center 
B) the urine storage reflex and the urine voiding reflex 
C) the urine deglutition reflex and the urine micturition reflex 
D) the urine deglutition reflex and the urine defecation reflex 
E) the urine trigone reflex and the urine detrusor reflex 
A) the pontine storage center and the pontine micturition center 
B) the urine storage reflex and the urine voiding reflex 
C) the urine deglutition reflex and the urine micturition reflex 
D) the urine deglutition reflex and the urine defecation reflex 
E) the urine trigone reflex and the urine detrusor reflex

Question 5

Where does filtration exclusively occur in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) across the glomerular capsule into the proximal convoluted tubule 
B) across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle 
C) across the simple squamous cells of the loop of Henle 
D) across the proximal convoluted tubule into the peritubular capillaries 
E) across the nephron loop into the vasa recta 
A) across the glomerular capsule into the proximal convoluted tubule 
B) across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle 
C) across the simple squamous cells of the loop of Henle 
D) across the proximal convoluted tubule into the peritubular capillaries 
E) across the nephron loop into the vasa recta

Question 6

What is a pyelogram?

Accepted Answer

A) An x-ray image of the urinary system taken after a radiopaque dye was administered. 
B) An ultrasound of the kidneys to detect solid masses such as renal calculi. 
C) A study of the components of urine. 
D) A graph of the 24 hour glomerular filtration rate. 
E) A laparoscopic evaluation of the inside of the bladder and ureters. 
A) An x-ray image of the urinary system taken after a radiopaque dye was administered. 
B) An ultrasound of the kidneys to detect solid masses such as renal calculi. 
C) A study of the components of urine. 
D) A graph of the 24 hour glomerular filtration rate. 
E) A laparoscopic evaluation of the inside of the bladder and ureters.

Question 7

The process of filtration is driven by

Accepted Answer

A) active transport. 
B) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
D) renal pumping. 
E) net filtration pressure. 
A) active transport. 
B) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
D) renal pumping. 
E) net filtration pressure.

Question 8

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A) renal cortex. 
B) renal medulla. 
C) major calyx. 
D) fibrous capsule. 
E) renal pelvis. 
A) renal cortex. 
B) renal medulla. 
C) major calyx. 
D) fibrous capsule. 
E) renal pelvis.

Question 9

Identify the three distinct processes of urine formation in the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) filtration,reabsorption,and excretion 
B) filtration,excretion,and secretion 
C) filtration,reabsorption,and secretion 
D) reabsorption,secretion,and excretion 
E) secretion,excretion,and elimination 
A) filtration,reabsorption,and excretion 
B) filtration,excretion,and secretion 
C) filtration,reabsorption,and secretion 
D) reabsorption,secretion,and excretion 
E) secretion,excretion,and elimination

Question 10

Compare obligatory water reabsorption with facultative water reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) Obligatory water reabsorption cannot be prevented,whereas facultative water reabsorption can be precisely controlled. 
B) Obligatory water reabsorption can be precisely controlled,whereas facultative water reabsorption cannot be prevented. 
C) Obligatory water reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted tubule under control of ADH,whereas facultative water reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule following the osmotic gradient. 
D) Obligatory water reabsorption occurs in the ascending limb of the nephron loop,whereas facultative water reabsorption occurs in the descending limb of the nephron loop. 
E) Obligatory water reabsorption is responsible for regulating the final concentration and volume of water lost in urine,whereas facultative water reabsorption is responsible for about 85 percent of water reabsorbed out of the filtrate. 
A) Obligatory water reabsorption cannot be prevented,whereas facultative water reabsorption can be precisely controlled. 
B) Obligatory water reabsorption can be precisely controlled,whereas facultative water reabsorption cannot be prevented. 
C) Obligatory water reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted tubule under control of ADH,whereas facultative water reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule following the osmotic gradient. 
D) Obligatory water reabsorption occurs in the ascending limb of the nephron loop,whereas facultative water reabsorption occurs in the descending limb of the nephron loop. 
E) Obligatory water reabsorption is responsible for regulating the final concentration and volume of water lost in urine,whereas facultative water reabsorption is responsible for about 85 percent of water reabsorbed out of the filtrate.

Question 11

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A) calyx. 
B) pelvis. 
C) ureter. 
D) hilum. 
E) pyramid. 
A) calyx. 
B) pelvis. 
C) ureter. 
D) hilum. 
E) pyramid.

Question 12

The renal sinus is

Accepted Answer

A) the innermost layer of kidney tissue. 
B) part of a renal pyramid. 
C) an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule. 
D) a large branch of the renal pelvis. 
E) a renal corpuscle. 
A) the innermost layer of kidney tissue. 
B) part of a renal pyramid. 
C) an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule. 
D) a large branch of the renal pelvis. 
E) a renal corpuscle.

Question 13

Describe filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) similar to blood plasma 
B) similar to blood plasma without proteins 
C) similar to blood plasma without proteins,hormones,glucose,and amino acids 
D) similar to cerebrospinal fluid 
E) similar to cerebrospinal fluid without proteins 
A) similar to blood plasma 
B) similar to blood plasma without proteins 
C) similar to blood plasma without proteins,hormones,glucose,and amino acids 
D) similar to cerebrospinal fluid 
E) similar to cerebrospinal fluid without proteins

Question 14

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.

Accepted Answer

A) 480 
B) 180 
C) 125 
D) 18 
E) 1)8 
A) 480 
B) 180 
C) 125 
D) 18 
E) 1)8

Question 15

Describe how blood enters and leaves the glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Blood enters by the renal artery and leaves by the renal vein. 
B) Blood enters by the interlobar arteries and leaves by the interlobar veins. 
C) Blood enters by the segmental arteries and leaves by the segmental veins. 
D) Blood enters by the cortical radiate arteries and leaves by the cortical radiate veins. 
E) Blood enters by the afferent arteriole and leaves by the efferent arteriole. 
A) Blood enters by the renal artery and leaves by the renal vein. 
B) Blood enters by the interlobar arteries and leaves by the interlobar veins. 
C) Blood enters by the segmental arteries and leaves by the segmental veins. 
D) Blood enters by the cortical radiate arteries and leaves by the cortical radiate veins. 
E) Blood enters by the afferent arteriole and leaves by the efferent arteriole.

Question 16

Figure 24-1
-Which of the following is not found in the area labeled "3."

Accepted Answer

A) glomeruli 
B) proximal convoluted tubules 
C) vasa recta 
D) distal convoluted tubules 
E) peritubular capillaries 
A) glomeruli 
B) proximal convoluted tubules 
C) vasa recta 
D) distal convoluted tubules 
E) peritubular capillaries

Question 17

Which segment of the nephron is solely involved in the reabsorption of water and sodium and chloride ions?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular capsule 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) nephron loop 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct 
A) glomerular capsule 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) nephron loop 
D) distal convoluted tubule 
E) collecting duct

Question 18

Which of the following is greater?

Accepted Answer

A) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the nephron loop 
B) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop 
C) The concentrations at the top and bottom are identical. 
A) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the nephron loop 
B) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop 
C) The concentrations at the top and bottom are identical.

Question 19

Describe autoregulation at the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by releasing hormones that influence salt and water reabsorption in the kidney. 
B) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by activating the sympathetic nervous system. 
C) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by changing local responses in the kidney. 
D) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by activating the central nervous system. 
E) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by changing respiratory rate. 
A) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by releasing hormones that influence salt and water reabsorption in the kidney. 
B) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by activating the sympathetic nervous system. 
C) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by changing local responses in the kidney. 
D) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by activating the central nervous system. 
E) Autoregulation is the process of maintaining GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow by changing respiratory rate.

Question 20

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ions. 
B) urea. 
C) proteins. 
D) uric acid. 
E) creatinine. 
A) hydrogen ions. 
B) urea. 
C) proteins. 
D) uric acid. 
E) creatinine.

Exam 24: The Urinary System

The process of filtration occurs at the

Which of the following descriptions does not describe a function of the nephron loop?

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

What are the two reflexes that control urination?

Where does filtration exclusively occur in the kidney?

What is a pyelogram?

The process of filtration is driven by

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

Identify the three distinct processes of urine formation in the kidney.

Compare obligatory water reabsorption with facultative water reabsorption.

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

The renal sinus is

Describe filtrate.

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.

Describe how blood enters and leaves the glomerulus.

Figure 24-1 -Which of the following is not found in the area labeled "3."

Which segment of the nephron is solely involved in the reabsorption of water and sodium and chloride ions?

Which of the following is greater?

Describe autoregulation at the kidneys.

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters