Question 1

Identify the six broad categories for classifying a bone according to shape.

Accepted Answer

A) compact,lamellar,osteon,spongy,trabeculae,cancellous 
B) flat,sutural,long,irregular,sesamoid,short 
C) spine,line,fossa,crest,facet,ramus 
D) flat,thick,wide,long,triangular,round 
E) round,thick,square,triangular,trapezoid,skinny 
A) compact,lamellar,osteon,spongy,trabeculae,cancellous 
B) flat,sutural,long,irregular,sesamoid,short 
C) spine,line,fossa,crest,facet,ramus 
D) flat,thick,wide,long,triangular,round 
E) round,thick,square,triangular,trapezoid,skinny B

Question 2

Figure 6-1
-Where would osteoclasts be most active?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 E

Question 3

During the process of ________,an existing tissue is replaced by bone.

Accepted Answer

A) osteolysis 
B) ossification 
C) appositional growth 
D) deposition 
E) perforation 
A) osteolysis 
B) ossification 
C) appositional growth 
D) deposition 
E) perforation B

Question 4

Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) iron. 
C) sulfate. 
D) calcium. 
E) sodium. 
A) potassium. 
B) iron. 
C) sulfate. 
D) calcium. 
E) sodium.

Question 5

Figure 6-2
-Where does endochondral lengthening occur?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 6

________ bone does not contain capillaries,but receives nutrients through its canaliculi.

Accepted Answer

A) Lamellar 
B) Osteonic 
C) Woven 
D) Compact 
E) Spongy 
A) Lamellar 
B) Osteonic 
C) Woven 
D) Compact 
E) Spongy

Question 7

During the growth of a long bone,how is the epiphysis forced farther from the shaft?

Accepted Answer

The chondrocytes near the center of the

Question 8

The fracture of vertebrae subjected to extreme vertical stress is called a ________ fracture.

Accepted Answer

A) transverse 
B) spiral 
C) compression 
D) compound 
E) Pott's 
A) transverse 
B) spiral 
C) compression 
D) compound 
E) Pott's

Question 9

Compare compact bone and spongy bone.

Accepted Answer

Compact bone,which lies over spongy bone

Question 10

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) diaphysis. 
B) epiphysis. 
C) osseophysis. 
D) metaphysis. 
E) medullary cavity. 
A) diaphysis. 
B) epiphysis. 
C) osseophysis. 
D) metaphysis. 
E) medullary cavity.

Question 11

The following are important steps in the process of endochondral ossification. 1.Blood vessels grow around the edges of the cartilage and perichondrium differentiates into osteoblasts.
2)Capillaries and osteoblasts migrate to the epithyses forming the secondary ossification centers.
3)Chondrocytes enlarge and the surrounding matrix begins to calcify.
4)Remodeling continues and the shaft becomes thicker.
5)Blood vessels penetrate the cartilage and invade the central region forming the primary ossification center.
What is the correct order for these events?

Accepted Answer

A) 3,1,5,4,2 
B) 1,3,5,4,2 
C) 1,5,3,4,2 
D) 2,3,1,5,4 
E) 3,1,4,5,2 
A) 3,1,5,4,2 
B) 1,3,5,4,2 
C) 1,5,3,4,2 
D) 2,3,1,5,4 
E) 3,1,4,5,2

Question 12

Which is greater?

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclast activity when calcitonin is present 
B) osteoclast activity when calcitonin is absent 
A) osteoclast activity when calcitonin is present 
B) osteoclast activity when calcitonin is absent

Question 13

The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the

Accepted Answer

A) ramus. 
B) trochanter. 
C) tuberosity. 
D) tubercle. 
E) condyle. 
A) ramus. 
B) trochanter. 
C) tuberosity. 
D) tubercle. 
E) condyle.

Question 14

Define bone markings.

Accepted Answer

Bone markings (surface features)are char

Question 15

________ are stronger than steel when stretched.

Accepted Answer

A) Lamellae 
B) Collagen fibers 
C) Mesenchymal cells 
D) Hydroxyapatite cells 
E) Lacunae 
A) Lamellae 
B) Collagen fibers 
C) Mesenchymal cells 
D) Hydroxyapatite cells 
E) Lacunae

Question 16

If osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity in a bone,how will bone mass be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) The bone mineral content will increase and thus bone mass will increase. 
B) The bone mineral content will increase and thus bone mass will decrease. 
C) The bone mineral content will decrease and thus bone mass will decrease. 
D) The bone mineral content will decrease and thus bone mass will increase. 
E) The bone mineral content will decrease but bone mass will not change. 
A) The bone mineral content will increase and thus bone mass will increase. 
B) The bone mineral content will increase and thus bone mass will decrease. 
C) The bone mineral content will decrease and thus bone mass will decrease. 
D) The bone mineral content will decrease and thus bone mass will increase. 
E) The bone mineral content will decrease but bone mass will not change.

Question 17

________ is the organic component of the matrix in developing or repairing bone.

Accepted Answer

A) Collagen 
B) Hydroxyapatite 
C) Lamella 
D) Osteocyte 
E) Osteoid 
A) Collagen 
B) Hydroxyapatite 
C) Lamella 
D) Osteocyte 
E) Osteoid

Question 18

In a ________ fracture,one side of the shaft is split and the other side is bent.

Accepted Answer

A) compression 
B) comminuted 
C) Pott's 
D) greenstick 
E) Colles 
A) compression 
B) comminuted 
C) Pott's 
D) greenstick 
E) Colles

Question 19

A prominent ridge,as seen on the pelvis,is a

Accepted Answer

A) crest. 
B) fossa. 
C) line. 
D) spine. 
E) ramus. 
A) crest. 
B) fossa. 
C) line. 
D) spine. 
E) ramus.

Question 20

The following are major steps in the process of intramembranous ossification. 1.Clusters of osteoblasts form osteoid that becomes mineralized.
2)Osteoblasts differentiate within mesenchymal connective tissue.
3)Spicules of bone radiate out from the ossification centers.
4)Mesenchymal cells aggregate.
What is the correct order for these events?

Accepted Answer

A) 4,1,2,3 
B) 2,1,3,4 
C) 4,2,1,3 
D) 2,3,1,4 
A) 4,1,2,3 
B) 2,1,3,4 
C) 4,2,1,3 
D) 2,3,1,4

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure

Identify the six broad categories for classifying a bone according to shape.

Figure 6-1 -Where would osteoclasts be most active?

During the process of ________,an existing tissue is replaced by bone.

Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of

Figure 6-2 -Where does endochondral lengthening occur?

________ bone does not contain capillaries,but receives nutrients through its canaliculi.

During the growth of a long bone,how is the epiphysis forced farther from the shaft?

The fracture of vertebrae subjected to extreme vertical stress is called a ________ fracture.

Compare compact bone and spongy bone.

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the

Which is greater?

The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the

Define bone markings.

________ are stronger than steel when stretched.

If osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity in a bone,how will bone mass be affected?

________ is the organic component of the matrix in developing or repairing bone.

In a ________ fracture,one side of the shaft is split and the other side is bent.

A prominent ridge,as seen on the pelvis,is a

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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