Question 1

What was the importance of clay on early Earth?

Accepted Answer

Polymerization in the aqueous environmen

Question 2

When were the oldest stromatolites formed?

Accepted Answer

A) about 2.1 billion years ago 
B) about 3.5 billion years ago 
C) about 3.9 billion years ago 
D) about 4.2 billion years ago 
A) about 2.1 billion years ago 
B) about 3.5 billion years ago 
C) about 3.9 billion years ago 
D) about 4.2 billion years ago

Question 3

Explain why viruses, which can reproduce, evolve over time, and possess genetic material, are still considered NOT alive.

Accepted Answer

Viruses reproduce, evolve, and possess g

Question 4

Besides the primordial atmosphere, highly reducing conditions would NOT have been found anywhere else.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The evolution of multicellularity meant that cells no longer needed to be dependent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Why was ATP a primary molecule in connecting energy-releasing and energy-requiring reactions in early cells?

Accepted Answer

A) because it was the only molecule available to transfer energy 
B) because of its versatility and efficiency in transferring energy 
C) because of its structure 
D) because of its attraction to energy 
A) because it was the only molecule available to transfer energy 
B) because of its versatility and efficiency in transferring energy 
C) because of its structure 
D) because of its attraction to energy

Question 7

Explain the theory of endosymbiosis.

Accepted Answer

The theory of endosymbiosis speculates t

Question 8

Why do living organisms have the potential for errors (mutations and/or variations) in their development?

Accepted Answer

A) so that organisms may contribute to evolution 
B) so that organisms may live unchanged 
C) so that organisms may die unchanged 
D) so that organisms may contribute to reproduction 
A) so that organisms may contribute to evolution 
B) so that organisms may live unchanged 
C) so that organisms may die unchanged 
D) so that organisms may contribute to reproduction

Question 9

What is oxygenic photosynthesis, and what is the importance of the development of oxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the oxidation

Question 10

Which property of RNA makes some RNA molecules able to act as catalysts?

Accepted Answer

A) They are single-stranded molecules that can fold into very specific shapes. 
B) They are single-stranded molecules that cannot fold into very specific shapes. 
C) They are double-stranded molecules. 
D) They are double-stranded molecules that can fold into very specific shapes. 
A) They are single-stranded molecules that can fold into very specific shapes. 
B) They are single-stranded molecules that cannot fold into very specific shapes. 
C) They are double-stranded molecules. 
D) They are double-stranded molecules that can fold into very specific shapes.

Question 11

Briefly describe the conditions on primordial Earth and why these were important for the first life to be created.

Accepted Answer

The early Earth was bombarded by rocks f

Question 12

If a warmed flask of water is analogous to the Miller-Urey experiment, which of the following is analogous to primordial Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) a strongly reducing atmosphere 
B) lightning 
C) a primeval sea 
D) water vapour 
A) a strongly reducing atmosphere 
B) lightning 
C) a primeval sea 
D) water vapour

Question 13

In the 1920s, Aleksander Oparin and John Haldane each made independent proposals about the formation of life on Earth. What did they say about essential organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) that these could not have been made in the absence of life in the conditions on primordial Earth 
B) that these could have been made in the presence of life in the conditions on primordial Earth 
C) that these could have been made in the absence of life in the conditions on primordial Earth 
D) that these could have been made in the absence of life in the conditions on modern Earth 
A) that these could not have been made in the absence of life in the conditions on primordial Earth 
B) that these could have been made in the presence of life in the conditions on primordial Earth 
C) that these could have been made in the absence of life in the conditions on primordial Earth 
D) that these could have been made in the absence of life in the conditions on modern Earth

Question 14

Explain the advantage of proteins acting as catalysts, and compare them with ribozymes.

Accepted Answer

Proteins are far more versatile than rib

Question 15

The early atmosphere, as proposed by Aleksander Oparin and John Haldane, was an oxidizing atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The energy for the synthesis of organic molecules on primordial Earth came from lightning and intense UV radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How old is Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) about 4.6 million years old 
B) about 1 billion years old 
C) about 3.6 billion years old 
D) about 4.6 billion years old 
A) about 4.6 million years old 
B) about 1 billion years old 
C) about 3.6 billion years old 
D) about 4.6 billion years old

Question 18

Which statement characterizes mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A) Over 60% of the proteins required for mitochondrial or chloroplast function are encoded by genes that are found in the nucleus. 
B) Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material. 
C) Over 80% of the proteins required for mitochondrial or chloroplast function are encoded by genes that are found in the nucleus. 
D) Neither mitochondria nor chloroplasts contain genetic material. 
A) Over 60% of the proteins required for mitochondrial or chloroplast function are encoded by genes that are found in the nucleus. 
B) Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material. 
C) Over 80% of the proteins required for mitochondrial or chloroplast function are encoded by genes that are found in the nucleus. 
D) Neither mitochondria nor chloroplasts contain genetic material.

Question 19

Explain two points that support the extraterrestrial origin of life on Earth.

Accepted Answer

The first point is the fact that while l

Question 20

Explain this statement: "Proteins are much more diverse than ribozymes."

Accepted Answer

Proteins are composed of amino

Exam 3: Defining Life and Its Origins

What was the importance of clay on early Earth?

When were the oldest stromatolites formed?

Explain why viruses, which can reproduce, evolve over time, and possess genetic material, are still considered NOT alive.

Besides the primordial atmosphere, highly reducing conditions would NOT have been found anywhere else.

The evolution of multicellularity meant that cells no longer needed to be dependent.

Why was ATP a primary molecule in connecting energy-releasing and energy-requiring reactions in early cells?

Explain the theory of endosymbiosis.

Why do living organisms have the potential for errors (mutations and/or variations) in their development?

What is oxygenic photosynthesis, and what is the importance of the development of oxygenic photosynthesis?

Which property of RNA makes some RNA molecules able to act as catalysts?

Briefly describe the conditions on primordial Earth and why these were important for the first life to be created.

If a warmed flask of water is analogous to the Miller-Urey experiment, which of the following is analogous to primordial Earth?

In the 1920s, Aleksander Oparin and John Haldane each made independent proposals about the formation of life on Earth. What did they say about essential organic molecules?

Explain the advantage of proteins acting as catalysts, and compare them with ribozymes.

The early atmosphere, as proposed by Aleksander Oparin and John Haldane, was an oxidizing atmosphere.

The energy for the synthesis of organic molecules on primordial Earth came from lightning and intense UV radiation.

How old is Earth?

Which statement characterizes mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Explain two points that support the extraterrestrial origin of life on Earth.

Explain this statement: "Proteins are much more diverse than ribozymes."

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

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