Question 1

Which statement about the intellectual skills of girls and boys is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys tend to be stronger than girls in early vocabulary development. 
B)  Boys tend to be stronger than girls in all aspects of visual-spatial processing. 
C)  On average, the general intellectual performance of boys is higher than that of girls. 
D)  None of these statements is true. 
A)  Boys tend to be stronger than girls in early vocabulary development. 
B)  Boys tend to be stronger than girls in all aspects of visual-spatial processing. 
C)  On average, the general intellectual performance of boys is higher than that of girls. 
D)  None of these statements is true.

Question 2

For boys, behaviours associated with males are referred to as _____, and behaviours associated with females are referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-typed; cross-sex-typed 
B)  cross-sex-typed; sex-typed 
C)  gender-typed; cross-gender-typed 
D)  cross-gender-typed; gender-typed 
A)  sex-typed; cross-sex-typed 
B)  cross-sex-typed; sex-typed 
C)  gender-typed; cross-gender-typed 
D)  cross-gender-typed; gender-typed

Question 3

Which statement about the influence of testosterone on aggression is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no direct association between aggression and baseline testosterone. 
B)  Increases in testosterone occur in response to a perceived threat. 
C)  Impulsivity increases the likelihood that another person's behaviour will be perceived as threatening. 
D)  Testosterone has no influence on aggressive behaviour. 
A)  There is no direct association between aggression and baseline testosterone. 
B)  Increases in testosterone occur in response to a perceived threat. 
C)  Impulsivity increases the likelihood that another person's behaviour will be perceived as threatening. 
D)  Testosterone has no influence on aggressive behaviour.

Question 4

Experiments involving dressing babies in clothes typical of their sex or in clothes typical of the opposite sex are used to demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender flexibility. 
B)  gender stereotypes. 
C)  effect size. 
D)  gender asymmetry. 
A)  gender flexibility. 
B)  gender stereotypes. 
C)  effect size. 
D)  gender asymmetry.

Question 5

In comparison to girls, there appears to be _____variability among boys in the ways they experience closeness in friendships.

Accepted Answer

A)  less 
B)  more 
C)  the same level of 
D)  no 
A)  less 
B)  more 
C)  the same level of 
D)  no

Question 6

Biosocial theory focuses on _____ and their behavioural and social consequences.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender-typed behaviours 
B)  sex differences in hormones 
C)  physical sex differences 
D)  gender roles 
A)  gender-typed behaviours 
B)  sex differences in hormones 
C)  physical sex differences 
D)  gender roles

Question 7

Which statement about males' and females' ability on spatial tasks is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Males outperform females on all visual-spatial processing tasks. 
B)  Females outperform males on all visual-spatial processing tasks. 
C)  Males and females perform virtually identically on all visual-spatial processing tasks. 
D)  Gender differences in performance depend on the particular type of spatial ability that is being considered. 
A)  Males outperform females on all visual-spatial processing tasks. 
B)  Females outperform males on all visual-spatial processing tasks. 
C)  Males and females perform virtually identically on all visual-spatial processing tasks. 
D)  Gender differences in performance depend on the particular type of spatial ability that is being considered.

Question 8

According to Kohlberg, which child's behaviour on a Piagetian conservation task indicates that she has likely achieved gender constancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melinda, who believes that a row of pennies that has been spread out has more pennies than it originally did 
B)  Alicia, who intently watches the liquid being poured from one container to another to understand where the extra liquid is going 
C)  Jasmine, who states that a ball of clay that has been rolled out into a hot dog shape has more clay after the change 
D)  None of these children has likely achieved gender constancy. 
A)  Melinda, who believes that a row of pennies that has been spread out has more pennies than it originally did 
B)  Alicia, who intently watches the liquid being poured from one container to another to understand where the extra liquid is going 
C)  Jasmine, who states that a ball of clay that has been rolled out into a hot dog shape has more clay after the change 
D)  None of these children has likely achieved gender constancy.

Question 9

In comparison with the brains of males, the brains of females have:

Accepted Answer

A)  a larger corpus callosum. 
B)  less dense nerve connections in the area of the brain associated with linguistic processing. 
C)  greater hemispheric specialization. 
D)  a larger area of the brain associated with processing spatial information. 
A)  a larger corpus callosum. 
B)  less dense nerve connections in the area of the brain associated with linguistic processing. 
C)  greater hemispheric specialization. 
D)  a larger area of the brain associated with processing spatial information.

Question 10

Mental representations incorporating everything children know about gender are referred to as gender:

Accepted Answer

A)  identities. 
B)  systems. 
C)  socializations. 
D)  schemas. 
A)  identities. 
B)  systems. 
C)  socializations. 
D)  schemas.

Question 11

It is estimated that physical aggression occurs in approximately _____ of adolescent heterosexual dating relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  10% 
C)  15% 
D)  25% 
A)  5% 
B)  10% 
C)  15% 
D)  25%

Question 12

Gender schema theory proposes that gender differences have to do with children's tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  gather information about the appropriate objects and behaviour for their own sex to the detriment of the objects and behaviour of the opposite sex. 
B)  identify with the same-sex parent as a result of a sexual attraction toward the opposite-sex parent. 
C)  be reinforced and rewarded for displaying gender-appropriate behaviours. 
D)  spend more time in gender-appropriate contexts. 
A)  gather information about the appropriate objects and behaviour for their own sex to the detriment of the objects and behaviour of the opposite sex. 
B)  identify with the same-sex parent as a result of a sexual attraction toward the opposite-sex parent. 
C)  be reinforced and rewarded for displaying gender-appropriate behaviours. 
D)  spend more time in gender-appropriate contexts.

Question 13

Which finding provides the clearest evidence for the hypothesis that watching TV causes stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children in a town that had no access to TV showed an increase in stereotypical views following the introduction of TV. 
B)  Boys hold more stereotypical views than do girls. 
C)  Older children, who watch more TV than younger children, hold more stereotypical views than younger children do. 
D)  Children who watch more cartoons hold more stereotypical views than do children who watch fewer cartoons. 
A)  Children in a town that had no access to TV showed an increase in stereotypical views following the introduction of TV. 
B)  Boys hold more stereotypical views than do girls. 
C)  Older children, who watch more TV than younger children, hold more stereotypical views than younger children do. 
D)  Children who watch more cartoons hold more stereotypical views than do children who watch fewer cartoons.

Question 14

Which of these processes is NOT included in observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  attention 
B)  motivation 
C)  assimilation 
D)  production 
A)  attention 
B)  motivation 
C)  assimilation 
D)  production

Question 15

What does research suggest would be the BEST way to reduce gender-role stereotyping in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  have boys do more crafts 
B)  reduce television time 
C)  increase music exposure to children 
D)  have girls participate in more sports 
A)  have boys do more crafts 
B)  reduce television time 
C)  increase music exposure to children 
D)  have girls participate in more sports

Question 16

The gap in the sports-related skills of boys and girls becomes substantial when they are in:

Accepted Answer

A)  toddlerhood. 
B)  early childhood. 
C)  middle childhood. 
D)  early adolescence. 
A)  toddlerhood. 
B)  early childhood. 
C)  middle childhood. 
D)  early adolescence.

Question 17

Gender differences in which dimension tend to be of medium size during childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  activity level 
B)  verbal ability 
C)  risk taking 
D)  verbal aggression 
A)  activity level 
B)  verbal ability 
C)  risk taking 
D)  verbal aggression

Question 18

The contribution of self-socialization to gender differences is demonstrated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender segregation. 
B)  dressing female infants in pink and dressing male infants in blue. 
C)  the genetic predisposition for boys, but not girls, to engage in rough-and-tumble play. 
D)  all of these factors. 
A)  gender segregation. 
B)  dressing female infants in pink and dressing male infants in blue. 
C)  the genetic predisposition for boys, but not girls, to engage in rough-and-tumble play. 
D)  all of these factors.

Question 19

Heightened concerned with adhering to traditional gender roles is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender-role intensification. 
B)  in-group bias. 
C)  gender-role flexibility. 
D)  in-group assimilation. 
A)  gender-role intensification. 
B)  in-group bias. 
C)  gender-role flexibility. 
D)  in-group assimilation.

Question 20

According to gender schema theory, which statement is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children remember more about the observation of members of their own sex than about the observation of members of the other sex. 
B)  Children are more likely to retain information that is gender consistent than information that is gender inconsistent. 
C)  Children are more likely to distort information that is gender inconsistent than information that is gender consistent. 
D)  Children are more likely to accurately encode information about members of the other sex than about members of their own sex. 
A)  Children remember more about the observation of members of their own sex than about the observation of members of the other sex. 
B)  Children are more likely to retain information that is gender consistent than information that is gender inconsistent. 
C)  Children are more likely to distort information that is gender inconsistent than information that is gender consistent. 
D)  Children are more likely to accurately encode information about members of the other sex than about members of their own sex.

Exam 15: Section 2: Gender Development

Which statement about the intellectual skills of girls and boys is true?

For boys, behaviours associated with males are referred to as _____, and behaviours associated with females are referred to as _____.

Which statement about the influence of testosterone on aggression is NOT true?

Experiments involving dressing babies in clothes typical of their sex or in clothes typical of the opposite sex are used to demonstrate:

In comparison to girls, there appears to be _____variability among boys in the ways they experience closeness in friendships.

Biosocial theory focuses on _____ and their behavioural and social consequences.

Which statement about males' and females' ability on spatial tasks is true?

According to Kohlberg, which child's behaviour on a Piagetian conservation task indicates that she has likely achieved gender constancy?

In comparison with the brains of males, the brains of females have:

Mental representations incorporating everything children know about gender are referred to as gender:

It is estimated that physical aggression occurs in approximately _____ of adolescent heterosexual dating relationships.

Gender schema theory proposes that gender differences have to do with children's tendency to:

Which finding provides the clearest evidence for the hypothesis that watching TV causes stereotyping?

Which of these processes is NOT included in observational learning?

What does research suggest would be the BEST way to reduce gender-role stereotyping in children?

The gap in the sports-related skills of boys and girls becomes substantial when they are in:

Gender differences in which dimension tend to be of medium size during childhood?

The contribution of self-socialization to gender differences is demonstrated by:

Heightened concerned with adhering to traditional gender roles is referred to as:

According to gender schema theory, which statement is NOT true?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

Filters

For boys, behaviours associated with males are referred to as _, and behaviours associated with females are referred to as _.