Question 1

What does a meta-analysis do?

Accepted Answer

A)  summarizes the average effect size across studies 
B)  examines the size of an effect in a large sample 
C)  uses a long-term longitudinal study to determine the strength of effects 
D)  does all of these 
A)  summarizes the average effect size across studies 
B)  examines the size of an effect in a large sample 
C)  uses a long-term longitudinal study to determine the strength of effects 
D)  does all of these

Question 2

All of these characteristics are more likely to be a component of the norms of girls' peer groups than of the norms of boys' peer groups in middle childhood EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reliance. 
B)  collaboration. 
C)  emotional sharing. 
D)  intimacy. 
A)  self-reliance. 
B)  collaboration. 
C)  emotional sharing. 
D)  intimacy.

Question 3

Kohlberg's concept of gender constancy involves the understanding that:

Accepted Answer

A)  one is a member of one gender category or another. 
B)  gender is consistent even when superficial changes occur. 
C)  gender is stable over time. 
D)  gender is determined by sex chromosomes. 
A)  one is a member of one gender category or another. 
B)  gender is consistent even when superficial changes occur. 
C)  gender is stable over time. 
D)  gender is determined by sex chromosomes.

Question 4

Which of these factors is NOT typical of preschoolers?

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge of gender stereotypes regarding traits associated with males and females 
B)  attribution of particular play activities to males and females 
C)  knowledge of gender stereotypes regarding roles associated with males and females 
D)  gender constancy 
A)  knowledge of gender stereotypes regarding traits associated with males and females 
B)  attribution of particular play activities to males and females 
C)  knowledge of gender stereotypes regarding roles associated with males and females 
D)  gender constancy

Question 5

Gender-essentialist statements:

Accepted Answer

A)  imply that the characteristics in question can change easily. 
B)  are typically phrased in the future tense. 
C)  imply that the characteristics in question are true of some, but not all, of the entire group. 
D)  may convey the idea that gender is an important distinction. 
A)  imply that the characteristics in question can change easily. 
B)  are typically phrased in the future tense. 
C)  imply that the characteristics in question are true of some, but not all, of the entire group. 
D)  may convey the idea that gender is an important distinction.

Question 6

Social identity theory is particularly interested in the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the contexts in which development occurs. 
B)  cognitive advancements. 
C)  hormones. 
D)  group membership. 
A)  the contexts in which development occurs. 
B)  cognitive advancements. 
C)  hormones. 
D)  group membership.

Question 7

The meta-analysis conducted by Else-Quest and colleagues on cultural influences in gender differences in math achievement provided support for which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  social identity theory 
B)  gender schema theory 
C)  social role theory 
D)  biosocial theory 
A)  social identity theory 
B)  gender schema theory 
C)  social role theory 
D)  biosocial theory

Question 8

Which child has established gender identity, but has NOT developed gender stability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darrell asks his father, "Am I a girl?" 
B)  Kimmy tells her grandfather, "Even though I like to wear pants and play with trucks, I am still a girl." 
C)  Carolyn tells her new teacher, "Hi. My name is Carolyn. I'm a girl. When I grow up, I'd like to be a daddy." 
D)  Sam, an infant, is more strongly attached to his father than to his mother. 
A)  Darrell asks his father, "Am I a girl?" 
B)  Kimmy tells her grandfather, "Even though I like to wear pants and play with trucks, I am still a girl." 
C)  Carolyn tells her new teacher, "Hi. My name is Carolyn. I'm a girl. When I grow up, I'd like to be a daddy." 
D)  Sam, an infant, is more strongly attached to his father than to his mother.

Question 9

Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development proposes that which factor is the basis for the development of gender knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  children's intrinsic motivation to learn about gender 
B)  general cognitive development 
C)  parents' explicit instruction 
D)  peer socialization 
A)  children's intrinsic motivation to learn about gender 
B)  general cognitive development 
C)  parents' explicit instruction 
D)  peer socialization

Question 10

Evolutionary psychologists explain girls' affiliative orientation by proposing that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a result of differences in brain structure. 
B)  conferred an advantage in seeking mates. 
C)  may have increased the probability that their offspring would survive long enough to reproduce. 
D)  is a less-developed manner of behaving. 
A)  is a result of differences in brain structure. 
B)  conferred an advantage in seeking mates. 
C)  may have increased the probability that their offspring would survive long enough to reproduce. 
D)  is a less-developed manner of behaving.

Question 11

In a Canadian home where two adults work full time, how is housework typically divided?

Accepted Answer

A)  equally 
B)  men do half as much housework as women 
C)  men do one-quarter as much housework as women 
D)  men do about 30 minutes less housework a day than women 
A)  equally 
B)  men do half as much housework as women 
C)  men do one-quarter as much housework as women 
D)  men do about 30 minutes less housework a day than women

Question 12

The blending of the assertion and affiliation styles of behaviour is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation. 
B)  collaboration. 
C)  association. 
D)  amalgamation. 
A)  cooperation. 
B)  collaboration. 
C)  association. 
D)  amalgamation.

Question 13

Through the process of in-group assimilation, a young girl will:

Accepted Answer

A)  be expected to demonstrate the characteristics that are associated with being a girl and will come to conform to norms for girls. 
B)  be tempted by males' higher social status to demonstrate gender-neutral characteristics. 
C)  perceive other girls and the characteristics associated with being a girl as superior to boys and the characteristics associated with being a boy. 
D)  do all of these. 
A)  be expected to demonstrate the characteristics that are associated with being a girl and will come to conform to norms for girls. 
B)  be tempted by males' higher social status to demonstrate gender-neutral characteristics. 
C)  perceive other girls and the characteristics associated with being a girl as superior to boys and the characteristics associated with being a boy. 
D)  do all of these.

Question 14

Assertion includes an emphasis on which quality?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitive 
B)  cooperative 
C)  affectionate 
D)  independent 
A)  sensitive 
B)  cooperative 
C)  affectionate 
D)  independent

Question 15

The process whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and act in accordance with their beliefs is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender identification. 
B)  self-socialization. 
C)  gender assertion. 
D)  self-schematization. 
A)  gender identification. 
B)  self-socialization. 
C)  gender assertion. 
D)  self-schematization.

Question 16

At present, in which subject area are Canadian educators observing the largest gender gap?

Accepted Answer

A)  mathematics 
B)  biology 
C)  physical sciences and technology 
D)  music 
A)  mathematics 
B)  biology 
C)  physical sciences and technology 
D)  music

Question 17

What role does the increase in body fat that occurs in adolescence play in menarche and spermarche?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both menarche and spermarche are triggered by the increase in body fat. 
B)  Menarche, but not spermarche, is triggered by the increase in body fat. 
C)  Spermarche, but not menarche, is triggered by the increase in body fat. 
D)  Neither menarche nor spermarche is triggered by the increase in body fat. 
A)  Both menarche and spermarche are triggered by the increase in body fat. 
B)  Menarche, but not spermarche, is triggered by the increase in body fat. 
C)  Spermarche, but not menarche, is triggered by the increase in body fat. 
D)  Neither menarche nor spermarche is triggered by the increase in body fat.

Question 18

The concepts of tuition, observational learning, and enactive experience are central to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Kohlberg's theory. 
B)  gender schema theory. 
C)  social identity theory. 
D)  social cognitive theory. 
A)  Kohlberg's theory. 
B)  gender schema theory. 
C)  social identity theory. 
D)  social cognitive theory.

Question 19

_____ is more likely among girls than among boys during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender-role intensification 
B)  In-group bias 
C)  Gender-role flexibility 
D)  In-group assimilation 
A)  Gender-role intensification 
B)  In-group bias 
C)  Gender-role flexibility 
D)  In-group assimilation

Question 20

Jacob's dad often teaches his son how to make minor car repairs. According to social cognitive theory, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  enactive experience. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  tuition. 
D)  collaboration. 
A)  enactive experience. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  tuition. 
D)  collaboration.

Exam 15: Section 2: Gender Development

What does a meta-analysis do?

All of these characteristics are more likely to be a component of the norms of girls' peer groups than of the norms of boys' peer groups in middle childhood EXCEPT:

Kohlberg's concept of gender constancy involves the understanding that:

Which of these factors is NOT typical of preschoolers?

Gender-essentialist statements:

Social identity theory is particularly interested in the influence of:

The meta-analysis conducted by Else-Quest and colleagues on cultural influences in gender differences in math achievement provided support for which theory?

Which child has established gender identity, but has NOT developed gender stability?

Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development proposes that which factor is the basis for the development of gender knowledge?

Evolutionary psychologists explain girls' affiliative orientation by proposing that it:

In a Canadian home where two adults work full time, how is housework typically divided?

The blending of the assertion and affiliation styles of behaviour is referred to as:

Through the process of in-group assimilation, a young girl will:

Assertion includes an emphasis on which quality?

The process whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and act in accordance with their beliefs is referred to as:

At present, in which subject area are Canadian educators observing the largest gender gap?

What role does the increase in body fat that occurs in adolescence play in menarche and spermarche?

The concepts of tuition, observational learning, and enactive experience are central to:

_____ is more likely among girls than among boys during adolescence.

Jacob's dad often teaches his son how to make minor car repairs. According to social cognitive theory, this is an example of:

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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