Question 1

Bicultural youth who view their cultures as more _____ are more likely to identify with both cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  similar 
B)  different 
C)  common 
D)  accepting 
A)  similar 
B)  different 
C)  common 
D)  accepting

Question 2

Darrell exhibits separation distress when his mother leaves and happily greets her when she returns. He uses her as a secure base and actively seeks out contact with his mother. Bowlby would consider Darrell to be in which phase of the development of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment-in-the-making 
B)  reciprocal relationships 
C)  preattachment 
D)  clear-cut attachment 
A)  attachment-in-the-making 
B)  reciprocal relationships 
C)  preattachment 
D)  clear-cut attachment

Question 3

To assess self-esteem, researchers generally ask children about:

Accepted Answer

A)  how they feel about themselves in general. 
B)  their perceptions of their academic ability. 
C)  their perceptions of their social acceptance. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  how they feel about themselves in general. 
B)  their perceptions of their academic ability. 
C)  their perceptions of their social acceptance. 
D)  all of these.

Question 4

What have researchers found to be true about parents who maltreat their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interventions rarely are effective at reestablishing attachment. 
B)  Most parents who mistreat their children still have secure relationships with their children. 
C)  An effective way to establish secure attachment between a parent and a mistreated child is to have the child develop close attachment with an outside caregiver. 
D)  An effective way to establish secure attachment between a parent and a mistreated child is to provide the parent with sensitivity training. 
A)  Interventions rarely are effective at reestablishing attachment. 
B)  Most parents who mistreat their children still have secure relationships with their children. 
C)  An effective way to establish secure attachment between a parent and a mistreated child is to have the child develop close attachment with an outside caregiver. 
D)  An effective way to establish secure attachment between a parent and a mistreated child is to provide the parent with sensitivity training.

Question 5

The study of parent‒child attachment was prompted by:

Accepted Answer

A)  interviews with parents of children with Down syndrome. 
B)  observations of children growing up in orphanages in the 1940s. 
C)  studies of aggression in monkeys. 
D)  an analysis of children who were physically abused by their parents. 
A)  interviews with parents of children with Down syndrome. 
B)  observations of children growing up in orphanages in the 1940s. 
C)  studies of aggression in monkeys. 
D)  an analysis of children who were physically abused by their parents.

Question 6

Which piece of evidence is the BEST support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who were securely attached as infants are more likely than other children to be socially and emotionally competent. 
B)  When security of attachment changes because of stress in the home, parent‒child interactions at the time are associated with social and emotional competence at that age. 
C)  Among children who functioned poorly during preschool, those who had a secure attachment during infancy were more socially and emotionally competent in middle childhood than were other children. 
D)  None of the answers supports this effect. 
A)  Children who were securely attached as infants are more likely than other children to be socially and emotionally competent. 
B)  When security of attachment changes because of stress in the home, parent‒child interactions at the time are associated with social and emotional competence at that age. 
C)  Among children who functioned poorly during preschool, those who had a secure attachment during infancy were more socially and emotionally competent in middle childhood than were other children. 
D)  None of the answers supports this effect.

Question 7

Sonal, the mother of two children, remembers her childhood as difficult. When asked about it, she discusses her past in a consistent and cohesive manner, but reports that although there were some happy times, her parents were not always supportive. Sonal is MOST likely to be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  dismissing. 
B)  unresolved/disorganized. 
C)  preoccupied. 
D)  autonomous. 
A)  dismissing. 
B)  unresolved/disorganized. 
C)  preoccupied. 
D)  autonomous.

Question 8

The concept of the personal fable refers to adolescents' inclination to:

Accepted Answer

A)  lie to their parents. 
B)  boast about their abilities. 
C)  regard their feelings as unique and special. 
D)  believe they are invincible. 
A)  lie to their parents. 
B)  boast about their abilities. 
C)  regard their feelings as unique and special. 
D)  believe they are invincible.

Question 9

Which emotion is an indicator that a child has a sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A)  happiness 
B)  anger 
C)  sadness 
D)  shame 
A)  happiness 
B)  anger 
C)  sadness 
D)  shame

Question 10

Research suggests that, in comparison to young adults exploring commitments in breadth, those exploring commitments in depth tend to be more:

Accepted Answer

A)  likely to have unprotected sex. 
B)  open to experience. 
C)  prone to negative emotionality. 
D)  conscientious. 
A)  likely to have unprotected sex. 
B)  open to experience. 
C)  prone to negative emotionality. 
D)  conscientious.

Question 11

Children tend to identify themselves according to their ethnic group between the ages of:

Accepted Answer

A)  2 and 4. 
B)  3 and 6. 
C)  5 and 8. 
D)  7 and 10. 
A)  2 and 4. 
B)  3 and 6. 
C)  5 and 8. 
D)  7 and 10.

Question 12

Sexual-minority individuals who feel ambivalent about their same-sex attractions, but are starting to have limited contact with gay or lesbian individuals, are in which stage of the coming-out process?

Accepted Answer

A)  identity integration 
B)  first recognition 
C)  test and exploration 
D)  identity acceptance 
A)  identity integration 
B)  first recognition 
C)  test and exploration 
D)  identity acceptance

Question 13

Which factor MOST impedes researchers' ability to fully understand the association between attachment security during infancy and later functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty with conducting longitudinal studies 
B)  the stable nature of the quality of parent‒child interactions 
C)  developmental changes in attachment characteristics 
D)  changes in family dynamics over the course of the child's development 
A)  difficulty with conducting longitudinal studies 
B)  the stable nature of the quality of parent‒child interactions 
C)  developmental changes in attachment characteristics 
D)  changes in family dynamics over the course of the child's development

Question 14

As children enter adolescence, they tend to increasingly rely on which influence to evaluate themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  peer evaluations 
B)  parental evaluations 
C)  teacher standards 
D)  internalized standards 
A)  peer evaluations 
B)  parental evaluations 
C)  teacher standards 
D)  internalized standards

Question 15

After a period of exploration, Mario has made decisions regarding occupation, beliefs and ideals, and sexuality. His sense of identity is coherent and consolidated. Mario would be classified into which identity-status category?

Accepted Answer

A)  foreclosure 
B)  positive 
C)  moratorium 
D)  achievement 
A)  foreclosure 
B)  positive 
C)  moratorium 
D)  achievement

Question 16

Infants respond preferentially to familiar caregivers in which of Bowlby's phases?

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal relationships 
B)  attachment-in-the-making 
C)  clear-cut attachment 
D)  preattachment 
A)  reciprocal relationships 
B)  attachment-in-the-making 
C)  clear-cut attachment 
D)  preattachment

Question 17

In Western cultures, self-esteem tends to be related to _____; in Asian cultures, it tends to be related to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  contributing to the welfare of the group; affirming the norms of social interdependence 
B)  individual accomplishments; contributing to the welfare of the group 
C)  individual accomplishments; individual accomplishments 
D)  contributing to the welfare of the group; contributing to the welfare of the group 
A)  contributing to the welfare of the group; affirming the norms of social interdependence 
B)  individual accomplishments; contributing to the welfare of the group 
C)  individual accomplishments; individual accomplishments 
D)  contributing to the welfare of the group; contributing to the welfare of the group

Question 18

An individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic or racial group and the degree to which the individual associates his or her thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behaviour with membership in that group is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  ethnic identity. 
B)  sexual orientation. 
C)  racial belonging. 
D)  identity foreclosure. 
A)  ethnic identity. 
B)  sexual orientation. 
C)  racial belonging. 
D)  identity foreclosure.

Question 19

Which trait in adolescent mothers has been shown to lead to more disruptive behaviour toward their infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  insecure attachment 
B)  unresolved attachment 
C)  anxious attachment 
D)  avoidant attachment 
A)  insecure attachment 
B)  unresolved attachment 
C)  anxious attachment 
D)  avoidant attachment

Question 20

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's:

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual orientation. 
B)  identity. 
C)  sense of self. 
D)  self-esteem. 
A)  sexual orientation. 
B)  identity. 
C)  sense of self. 
D)  self-esteem.

Exam 11: Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Bicultural youth who view their cultures as more _____ are more likely to identify with both cultures.

Darrell exhibits separation distress when his mother leaves and happily greets her when she returns. He uses her as a secure base and actively seeks out contact with his mother. Bowlby would consider Darrell to be in which phase of the development of attachment?

To assess self-esteem, researchers generally ask children about:

What have researchers found to be true about parents who maltreat their children?

The study of parent‒child attachment was prompted by:

Which piece of evidence is the BEST support for the causal effect of infant attachment security on later social functioning?

Sonal, the mother of two children, remembers her childhood as difficult. When asked about it, she discusses her past in a consistent and cohesive manner, but reports that although there were some happy times, her parents were not always supportive. Sonal is MOST likely to be classified as:

The concept of the personal fable refers to adolescents' inclination to:

Which emotion is an indicator that a child has a sense of self?

Research suggests that, in comparison to young adults exploring commitments in breadth, those exploring commitments in depth tend to be more:

Children tend to identify themselves according to their ethnic group between the ages of:

Sexual-minority individuals who feel ambivalent about their same-sex attractions, but are starting to have limited contact with gay or lesbian individuals, are in which stage of the coming-out process?

Which factor MOST impedes researchers' ability to fully understand the association between attachment security during infancy and later functioning?

As children enter adolescence, they tend to increasingly rely on which influence to evaluate themselves?

After a period of exploration, Mario has made decisions regarding occupation, beliefs and ideals, and sexuality. His sense of identity is coherent and consolidated. Mario would be classified into which identity-status category?

Infants respond preferentially to familiar caregivers in which of Bowlby's phases?

In Western cultures, self-esteem tends to be related to _____; in Asian cultures, it tends to be related to _____.

An individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic or racial group and the degree to which the individual associates his or her thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behaviour with membership in that group is referred to as:

Which trait in adolescent mothers has been shown to lead to more disruptive behaviour toward their infants?

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's:

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

Filters

In Western cultures, self-esteem tends to be related to _; in Asian cultures, it tends to be related to _.